Which patient assessment would alert the nurse to withhold a loop diuretic?

Crackles in the lung bases

Serum potassium of 2.6 mEq/L

+2 pitting peripheral edema

Weight gain of 2 pounds in 2 days

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Crackles in the lung bases may indicate fluid overload or pulmonary edema, which could be a reason to administer a loop diuretic to help remove excess fluid from the body. Therefore, this assessment would not typically lead to withholding the diuretic.

Choice B reason: A serum potassium level of 2.6 mEq/L is significantly low (hypokalemia). Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can further decrease potassium levels, which can be dangerous and lead to severe complications such as cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, the nurse should withhold the diuretic and address the low potassium level before considering further diuretic therapy.

Choice C reason: +2 pitting peripheral edema indicates fluid retention, which is commonly treated with loop diuretics. The presence of edema would not usually warrant withholding the diuretic; instead, it suggests a need for the medication to help reduce the fluid buildup.

Choice D reason: Weight gain of 2 pounds in 2 days could indicate fluid retention, especially in patients with conditions such as heart failure. This would be an indication to use a loop diuretic rather than to withhold it, as the medication would help remove the excess fluid from the body.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are not the primary signs of a bowel obstruction. Rectal bleeding could be indicative of other gastrointestinal issues such as hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, or colorectal cancer. While abdominal pain is a symptom of bowel obstruction, rectal bleeding is not typically associated with it.

Choice B reason: The primary symptoms of bowel obstruction include abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting. When a bowel obstruction occurs, the normal movement of intestinal contents is blocked, leading to a buildup of contents and gas. This results in abdominal distention and pain. The blockage also prevents the passage of stool and gas, causing constipation or inability to have a bowel movement. Nausea and vomiting are common as the digestive system tries to expel the contents that cannot pass through the obstruction.

Choice C reason: Dehydration, back pain, and fever are not the hallmark symptoms of bowel obstruction. While dehydration can occur due to vomiting and reduced intake, back pain is not commonly associated with bowel obstruction. Fever may indicate an infection or other complications but is not a primary symptom of bowel obstruction.

Choice D reason: Diarrhea and excessive thirst are not typical signs of bowel obstruction. In fact, bowel obstruction usually leads to constipation or the inability to pass stool rather than diarrhea. Excessive thirst could be a sign of dehydration but is not specific to bowel obstruction.

A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypophosphatemia D. Hypermagnesemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypercalcemia refers to high levels of calcium in the blood, but a positive Chvostek sign is not indicative of hypercalcemia. In fact, hypercalcemia generally results in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and nausea rather than the specific neuromuscular irritability seen with a positive Chvostek sign.

Choice B reason: Hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood and is associated with a positive Chvostek sign. The Chvostek sign is a clinical test where tapping on the facial nerve triggers twitching of the facial muscles. This occurs due to increased neuromuscular excitability caused by low calcium levels.

Choice C reason: Hypophosphatemia refers to low levels of phosphate in the blood. It is not directly associated with a positive Chvostek sign. While electrolyte imbalances can affect neuromuscular function, hypocalcemia is specifically linked to the Chvostek sign.

Choice D reason: Hypermagnesemia refers to high levels of magnesium in the blood and is not related to a positive Chvostek sign. Hypermagnesemia often causes symptoms such as muscle weakness, nausea, and hypotension rather than the neuromuscular irritability seen with a positive Chvostek sign.

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Which patient assessment would alert the nurse to withhold a loop diuretic?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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