While reviewing the clinical history of a client with brain injury, the nurse finds that there is a periorbital ecchymosis, which is referred to as raccoon eyes. The client also has leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose. Which fracture should the nurse suspect in the client?

Depressed fracture

Basilar skull fracture

Linear fracture

Frontal fossa fracture

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale: Often results from direct trauma to the skull, but not typically associated with CSF leakage or raccoon eyes.

Choice B rationale: Basilar skull fractures, particularly involving the anterior or middle fossa, can lead to CSF leakage from the nose (rhinorrhea) and periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes).

Choice C rationale: A simple fracture line without displacement, less likely to cause CSF leakage and raccoon eyes.

Choice D rationale: Less commonly associated with CSF leakage and periorbital ecchymosis compared to basilar skull fractures.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Chvostek and Trousseau signs are not typically associated with hypothyroidism.

Choice B rationale: These signs are not commonly related to pineal tumors.

Choice C rationale: Chvostek and Trousseau signs, indicating neuromuscular irritability due to hypocalcemia, are often seen in hypoparathyroidism.

Choice D rationale: Chvostek and Trousseau signs are not characteristic findings in pheochromocytoma.

A. Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys. B. Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys. C. High plasma osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. D. High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys would stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and sodium balance.

Choice B rationale: Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys would

indicate that the body has excess water and needs to excrete it, which would inhibit ADH release.

Choice C rationale: ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates the water balance in the body. It is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. When the plasma osmolarity, or the concentration of solutes in the blood, is high, it means that the body is dehydrated and needs to conserve water. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and stimulate the release of ADH, which acts on the kidneys to increase water

reabsorption and decrease urine output. This helps to lower the plasma osmolarity and restore the water balance.

Choice D rationale: High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body would affect the acid-base balance and respiratory rate, but not ADH

release.

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While reviewing the clinical history of a client with brain injury, the nurse finds that there is a periorbital ecchymosis, which is referred to as raccoon eyes. The client also has leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose. Which fracture should the nurse suspect in the client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse observes the final diagnosis of four clients in their case reports as given below. In which client does the nurse notice the presence of Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by which process?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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