Your patient in the Emergency Room reports having severe chest pain and you suspect a heart attack. Which of the following laboratory tests would be best to confirm your suspicions?

Troponin I & T

Myoglobin

BNP

CK-MB isoenzymes

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   These are the most specific and sensitive markers for diagnosing a heart attack. They are released into the bloodstream when heart muscle is damaged.
B.   Myoglobin is an early marker of heart muscle damage, but it is less specific than troponin and can be elevated in other conditions.
C.   B-type natriuretic peptide is a hormone primarily used to diagnose heart failure, not acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).
D.   Creatine kinase-MB is an older marker for heart damage, but it is less specific than troponin and takes longer to rise in the blood.

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Higher triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increase the risk of heart disease.
B. Lower levels of LDL (bad cholesterol), triglycerides, and total cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.
C. While HDL (good cholesterol) is beneficial, a high level alone doesn't guarantee overall heart health. The focus should be on lowering LDL and total cholesterol.
D. This option has a typo, but even if corrected, it's not ideal. LDL should be lower than 100.

A. Rapidly administer an IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride B. Administer an IV infusion of Insulin Glargine at 3 units/kg/hr C. Add glucose to the IV infusion when blood glucose is 350 mg/dL D. Administer a slow IV infusion of 3% sodium chloride

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Patients with DKA are severely dehydrated due to osmotic diuresis caused by hyperglycemia. Rapid fluid resuscitation with normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is crucial to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
B. Insulin Glargine is a long-acting insulin not suitable for acute management of DKA. Rapid-acting insulin, such as regular insulin, is used in an IV infusion.
C. Glucose is not added to the IV infusion during the initial phase of DKA treatment. The focus is on correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances and lowering blood glucose with insulin.
D. 3% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution used in specific circumstances, not for initial fluid resuscitation in DKA.

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Nursing Test Bank

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