A 25-year-old female patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough. Sputum culture reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following bacterial organisms is most likely responsible for this infection?

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and is typically associated with more severe pneumonia, particularly in patients with underlying lung disease, but it does not form clusters.
B.   Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia but typically appears as Gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains, not clusters.
C.   Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that generally causes urinary tract infections and is not a common cause of pneumonia with Gram-positive cocci in clusters.
D.   Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms clusters and is a common cause of pneumonia, particularly in young, otherwise healthy individuals, and can present with fever, chills, and productive cough. This fits the presentation and sputum findings in this patient.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia typically presents with larger red blood cells (high MCV) and neurological symptoms, which are not present in this case.
B. Aplastic anemia typically results in pancytopenia, and there is no mention of other blood cell line abnormalities.
C. Iron deficiency anemia is the most likely diagnosis, as it is characterized by low hemoglobin levels and a low MCV (microcytic anemia), which is consistent with the laboratory results.
D. Hemolytic anemia generally presents with elevated reticulocyte count and jaundice, neither of which are mentioned here.

A. Perform weight bearing exercises 2 times per week. B. Increase intake of caffeinated beverages. C. Take 400 IU of vitamin D per day. D. Limit calcium intake to 600 mg per dose.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Performing weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, jogging, or strength training, helps improve bone density and prevent osteoporosis-related fractures.
B. Caffeine can increase calcium excretion in the urine and may negatively affect bone health, so it is not recommended for clients at risk for osteoporosis.
C. Taking 400 IU of vitamin D per day may be insufficient for clients at risk for osteoporosis. Most guidelines recommend at least 800-1,000 IU of vitamin D daily.
D. Limiting calcium intake to 600 mg per dose is not recommended. Calcium should be taken in doses of 500-600 mg to improve absorption and bone health.

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A 25-year-old female patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough. Sputum culture reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following bacterial organisms is most likely responsible for this infection?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who is at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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