A 25-year-old female patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough. Sputum culture reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following bacterial organisms is most likely responsible for this infection?

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and is typically associated with more severe pneumonia, particularly in patients with underlying lung disease, but it does not form clusters.
B.   Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia but typically appears as Gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains, not clusters.
C.   Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that generally causes urinary tract infections and is not a common cause of pneumonia with Gram-positive cocci in clusters.
D.   Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms clusters and is a common cause of pneumonia, particularly in young, otherwise healthy individuals, and can present with fever, chills, and productive cough. This fits the presentation and sputum findings in this patient.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Iron deficiency anemia typically presents with a low MCV, not an elevated MCV, and it is less likely to be associated with the symptoms of glossitis and peripheral neuropathy.
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a likely diagnosis in this patient. Chronic alcohol use can lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12, which contributes to macrocytic anemia (high MCV). Symptoms like glossitis and peripheral neuropathy are common in B12 deficiency.
C. Thalassemia minor usually presents with microcytic anemia and would not typically cause the elevated MCV or neurological symptoms seen in this patient.
D. Anemia of chronic disease typically presents with a normal or low MCV and is not associated with elevated MCV or the neurological symptoms seen in this patient.

Correct Answer is ["1440"]

Explanation

To calculate the total units of heparin per hour:

Multiply the patient’s weight (80 kg) by the dosage (18 units/kg/hour):

80 kg × 18 units = 1440 units/hour.

This means the patient should receive 1440 units of heparin per hour.

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A 25-year-old female patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough. Sputum culture reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following bacterial organisms is most likely responsible for this infection?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 50-year-old male patient with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with fatigue, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy. Laboratory findings show a hemoglobin level of 9.0 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 110 fL. What type of anemia is most likely in this patient?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A 65-year-old adult patient weighing 80 kg is prescribed a continuous heparin infusion. The order is for 18 units/kg/hour. The pharmacy supplies heparin in a concentration of 25,000 units/500 mL. Determine the total units of heparin the patient should receive per hour.

Correct Answer is ["1440"]

Explanation

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