A 50-year-old male patient with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with fatigue, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy. Laboratory findings show a hemoglobin level of 9.0 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 110 fL. What type of anemia is most likely in this patient?

Iron deficiency anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Thalassemia minor

Anemia of chronic disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Iron deficiency anemia typically presents with a low MCV, not an elevated MCV, and it is less likely to be associated with the symptoms of glossitis and peripheral neuropathy.
B.   Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a likely diagnosis in this patient. Chronic alcohol use can lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12, which contributes to macrocytic anemia (high MCV). Symptoms like glossitis and peripheral neuropathy are common in B12 deficiency.
C.   Thalassemia minor usually presents with microcytic anemia and would not typically cause the elevated MCV or neurological symptoms seen in this patient.
D.   Anemia of chronic disease typically presents with a normal or low MCV and is not associated with elevated MCV or the neurological symptoms seen in this patient.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Encouraging the patient to relax and breathe deeply does not address the immediate concerns of potential hemorrhage.
B. An abdominal ultrasound is not the first step in managing potential GI bleeding; stabilization is the priority.
C. Proton pump inhibitors are important for managing peptic ulcer disease, but the immediate priority is
stabilizing the patient’s condition.
D. Initiating IV access and administering fluids as prescribed is essential to stabilize the patient, manage shock, and address potential blood loss from gastrointestinal bleeding.

A. Increase fiber intake through vegetables and whole grains B. Monitor blood glucose levels regularly C. Consume sugary drinks to maintain energy levels D. Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week E. Reduce alcohol consumption F. Limit carbohydrate intake, focusing on complex carbohydrates G. Rely solely on medication without lifestyle changes J. Skip meals to reduce calorie intake

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Increasing fiber intake through vegetables and whole grains is recommended as it helps manage blood sugar levels and promotes overall health.
B. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly is essential for individuals with diabetes to assess their condition and adjust their treatment plan accordingly.
C. Consuming sugary drinks to maintain energy levels is not appropriate as sugary drinks can cause blood sugar spikes and worsen diabetes control.
D. Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week is beneficial for managing blood sugar levels, improving insulin sensitivity, and overall cardiovascular health.
E. Reducing alcohol consumption is recommended as excessive alcohol intake can interfere with blood sugar control and interact with diabetes medications.
F. Limiting carbohydrate intake, focusing on complex carbohydrates, helps prevent blood sugar spikes and promotes better diabetes management.
G. Relying solely on medication without lifestyle changes is not appropriate. Lifestyle modifications are essential in managing Type 2 diabetes effectively alongside medications.

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A 50-year-old male patient with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with fatigue, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy. Laboratory findings show a hemoglobin level of 9.0 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 110 fL. What type of anemia is most likely in this patient?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 60-year-old patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease is admitted to the hospital with complaints of coffee-ground emesis and melena. What is the nurse's most appropriate initial action?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A 58-year-old male with a new diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is being educated on lifestyle modifications to manage his condition. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate to recommend? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

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