A client with suspected meningitis presents with fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate for this situation?

Choice A rationale:

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was a common cause of bacterial meningitis in the past, especially in children, but its incidence has significantly decreased due to the widespread use of the Hib vaccine.

Choice B rationale:

Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal) can cause meningitis and is an important pathogen, but it is more commonly associated with meningitis in children and young adults.

Choice C rationale:

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. It is a gram-positive bacterium that can lead to severe infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections.

Choice D rationale:

Escherichia coli is a bacterial species typically associated with urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal illnesses. While it can rarely cause meningitis in certain populations, it is not the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults.

Choice E rationale:

Group B streptococcus is a significant cause of neonatal meningitis but is less commonly responsible for meningitis in adults.

Choice A rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because it assumes a specific diagnosis without further assessment or confirmation. Meningitis can be caused by various pathogens, so it's essential not to jump to conclusions based solely on symptoms.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is appropriate because the patient's symptoms, including fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia, are consistent with bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection that requires prompt treatment to prevent complications.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because fungal meningitis typically presents differently and is more common in individuals with compromised immune systems. There is no evidence from the presented symptoms to suggest fungal meningitis.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because parasitic meningitis is very rare and typically associated with specific exposures or travel history. There is no information to support this as a likely cause of the client's symptoms.

Choice E rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because meningococcal septicemia is a different condition from meningitis. While both can be caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, septicemia is characterized by a bloodstream infection, while meningitis affects the meninges.