A nurse is assessing a client with suspected glomerulonephritis. Which symptom is often an early indicator of this condition and is characterized by swelling around the eyes and in the lower extremities?
Hematuria
Proteinuria
Oliguria
Periorbital edema
The Correct Answer is D
A) Incorrect. Hematuria (blood in the urine) is a common symptom but is not typically an early indicator of glomerulonephritis.
B) Incorrect. Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) is a common symptom but is not typically an early indicator of glomerulonephritis.
C) Incorrect. Oliguria (decreased urine output) may occur in more advanced stages of glomerulonephritis but is not typically an early symptom.
D) Correct. Periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) and edema in the lower extremities are often early indicators of glomerulonephritis due to fluid retention.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Incorrect. Glomerulonephritis is not primarily characterized by reduced blood flow to the kidneys.
B) Incorrect. Increased GFR is not the primary mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis.
C) Correct. Inflammation and damage to the glomerular basement membrane, often triggered by immune responses, are central to the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis.
D) Incorrect. Excessive reabsorption of sodium is not a primary factor in the development of glomerulonephritis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Incorrect. A complete blood count (CBC) provides information about red and white blood cell counts and is not primarily used to assess kidney function or GFR.
B) Incorrect. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a blood test that can be influenced by factors other than kidney function and is not a direct measure of GFR.
C) Correct. Serum creatinine is a commonly used blood test to assess kidney function and estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
D) Incorrect. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation and is not typically used to assess kidney function or GFR in glomerulonephritis.
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