A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The child's parents ask the nurse what factors can cause or increase the risk of DIC in children. Which of the following statements should be included in the discussion? (Select all that apply).
"DIC occurs only in school-age children."
"Risk factors of DIC in children include cancer and chemotherapy.”
"Lyme disease is a risk factor for DIC."
"The most common cause of DIC in children is sepsis."
"We have to treat the underlying cause to fix DIC."
Correct Answer : B,D,E
A. DIC can affect children of all ages, not just school-age children.
B. Risk factors of DIC include cancer and chemotherapy, which can trigger DIC due to the activation of clotting factors.
C. Lyme disease is not typically associated with DIC.
D. The most common cause of DIC in children is sepsis, which leads to widespread clotting and hemorrhage.
E. Treating the underlying cause of DIC, such as sepsis or cancer, is essential to resolving DIC and stopping the clotting cascade.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Orthostatic hypotension (a significant drop in blood pressure when standing) could indicate a problem such as dehydration, hemorrhage, or shock and should be reported immediately.
B. Crying due to pain is common with burn injuries but does not indicate a life-threatening problem.
C. A pain increase after ambulation is expected in some cases but is not an emergency.
D. A mild temperature (99.5°F) postoperatively is not a cause for immediate concern.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Typically, infants are kept NPO for 1-2 hours before a lumbar puncture, not 6 hours.
B. Holding the infant’s chin to the chest and knees to the abdomen during the lumbar puncture is the correct positioning. This position opens the intervertebral spaces and allows for easier access to the spinal cord.
C. Eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) cream should be applied 60 minutes before the procedure for effective local anesthesia, not 15 minutes.
D. After the procedure, the infant should be placed flat to avoid pressure on the lumbar area, not in an infant seat. The infant should be positioned on their back or side to prevent strain.
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