A patient had a ruptured aneurysm, which caused a CVA. What is this type of CVA called?

A. A high shearing force acts on arterial walls: This describes hypertension or arterial wall damage, not thalassemia.

B. A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation: This describes conditions like thrombophlebitis or atherosclerosis, not thalassemia.

C. Hgb synthesis is reduced: In thalassemia, there is reduced synthesis of hemoglobin, leading to anemia and other complications.

D. A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient: Thalassemia is caused by genetic mutations that result in the deficiency of the alpha or beta globin chains of hemoglobin.

E. A region of arterial wall bulges: This describes an aneurysm, not thalassemia.

F. Ventricular contractile function decreases: This describes heart failure, not thalassemia.

Correct answers: A, C

A. Gleason score: This histological grading system evaluates prostate cancer aggressiveness based on the patterns of cancer cells, making it a critical factor in risk assessment.

B. Urination frequency: While symptoms related to urination may arise, they are not used as a definitive factor to assess cancer risk.

C. PSA levels: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are routinely measured and can indicate the presence of prostate cancer, helping to determine the risk category.

D. CA-125 blood test: This test is primarily used to assess ovarian cancer, not prostate cancer.

E. Liver enzyme levels: These are not specific indicators for assessing prostate cancer risk.

F. Patient ethnicity: While there are ethnic differences in prostate cancer incidence and outcomes, this is not a direct appraisal factor like the Gleason score or PSA levels.