(ATI/HESI question from external source) A nurse is caring for a patient with suspected hepatitis D infection. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
Administer hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to exposed contacts.
Advise the patient to avoid sexual contact or use condoms until cleared of infection.
Inform the patient about the availability and benefits of hepatitis D vaccine for prevention.
Educate the patient about the need for regular monitoring of liver function and viral load.
Disinfect contaminated surfaces or instruments with bleach or autoclave.
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A rationale:
The administration of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to exposed contacts is an appropriate intervention for suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B to replicate, so administering the hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis D infection in exposed contacts. HBIG contains antibodies against hepatitis B, which can provide temporary protection to exposed contacts.
Choice B rationale:
Advising the patient to avoid sexual contact or use condoms until cleared of infection is crucial in preventing the spread of hepatitis D. The virus can be transmitted through blood and sexual contact, so precautionary measures are essential.
Choice C rationale:
The availability and benefits of the hepatitis D vaccine for prevention should be communicated to the patient. Currently, there is no specific treatment for hepatitis D infection, and vaccination is the most effective preventive measure.
Choice D rationale:
Educating the patient about the need for regular monitoring of liver function and viral load is essential in managing hepatitis D. Hepatitis D can lead to severe liver complications, and monitoring liver function and viral load helps in evaluating disease progression and treatment effectiveness.
Choice E rationale:
Disinfecting contaminated surfaces or instruments with bleach or autoclave is not directly related to the care of a patient with suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is primarily transmitted through blood and sexual contact, not through contaminated surfaces or instruments.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Cirrhosis is a late-stage complication of chronic liver disease and is not directly related to hepatitis E during pregnancy.
Choice B rationale:
Encephalopathy is a neurological complication of liver disease, but it is not specific to hepatitis E during pregnancy.
Choice C rationale:
Fetal death is a significant complication of hepatitis E during pregnancy. Pregnant women with hepatitis E have an increased risk of severe outcomes, including miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal death. Close monitoring of fetal well-being is essential in these cases.
Choice D rationale:
Liver cancer is not a common complication of acute hepatitis E during pregnancy.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale:
This statement accurately differentiates between acute and chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis is a short-term inflammation of the liver that typically resolves within six months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections (e.g., hepatitis A, B, and C), alcohol consumption, or drug toxicity. On the other hand, chronic hepatitis is a long-lasting inflammation of the liver that persists for more than six months. Chronic hepatitis can result from ongoing viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B and C) or other causes, such as autoimmune diseases.
Choice A rationale:
This statement is incorrect. Acute hepatitis is a short-term condition that resolves within a few weeks to six months, while chronic hepatitis is the condition that can persist for an extended period.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is also incorrect. Acute hepatitis is primarily caused by viruses (e.g., hepatitis viruses), not bacteria. Chronic hepatitis is also related to viral infections, not bacterial infections.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is not accurate. Both acute and chronic hepatitis can have severe consequences, including liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis, especially when caused by hepatitis B or C viruses, can lead to the development of cirrhosis and increase the risk of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)
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