Which statement describes a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children?

Choice B rationale

Esophageal atresia is a congenital defect resulting in an incomplete formation of the esophagus, often leading to feeding difficulties and aspiration (nih.gov, n.d.).

Choice A rationale

A hiatal hernia is a protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus, causing gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (Healthline, 2022).

Choice C rationale

Pyloric stenosis refers to a narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, resulting in difficulty emptying stomach contents (nih.gov, n.d.).

Choice D rationale

Cleft palate involves an incomplete formation of the palate, causing issues with feeding and speech development (nih.gov, n.d.).

Choice A rationale

While facial puffiness, bradycardia, and lethargy can be symptoms of many conditions, they are not typically signs of Graves’ disease.

Choice B rationale

Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate) are typical signs of Graves’ disease.

Choice C rationale

Delayed physical and intellectual development is not typically a sign of Graves’ disease.

Choice D rationale

While a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) is a common sign of Graves’ disease, a decreased basal metabolic rate (MBR) is not typically associated with this condition.