A spokesperson for a car manufacturer states, "There are two popular arguments that favor the 55 miles/hr speed limit. First, it saves lives. Second, it saves wear and tear on the car. However, millions of people drive faster than the speed limit, and their cars show no signs of breakdown. So, I say, there is no sense to the 55 miles/hr speed limit." The speaker's reasoning is best evaluated as:
faulty. It did not consider arguments about the speed limit saving lives.
faulty. It did not show the importance of the car manufacturer's beliefs.
good. It proves that there is a relationship between speed and car breakdown.
good. It shows there is probably no way to increase auto safety.
The Correct Answer is A
A. The spokesperson dismisses the speed limit based on the argument that millions of people drive faster and don't experience car breakdowns. However, they ignore the other key argument that the speed limit saves lives, which is a significant factor in the debate about speed limits. The reasoning is incomplete because it fails to address the full scope of the original claim regarding safety.
B. This option is not relevant to the reasoning presented in the statement. The issue is not about the importance of the car manufacturer's beliefs but about the limited reasoning used to dismiss the speed limit.
C. The speaker's argument does not demonstrate a clear relationship between speed and car breakdown; it only suggests that some people drive faster without apparent car breakdowns, which doesn't prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship.
D. The speaker's reasoning does not conclusively show that auto safety cannot be improved; it merely challenges one aspect of the argument (car breakdowns). The reasoning is incomplete and ignores the life-saving aspect of the speed limit.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The conclusion is not a statement of fact, but rather a generalization based on a study of a specific group of people. The fact that 70% of heroin users had used marijuana before does not automatically lead to the conclusion that all marijuana users will try heroin.
B. The conclusion makes an unwarranted leap by suggesting that because 70% of heroin users had used marijuana, all marijuana users will eventually try heroin. The sample studied doesn't represent all marijuana users, and making this broad statement about all marijuana users is an overgeneralization.
C. While the conclusion may be an assumption, it's more specific in that it makes a sweeping, unjustified generalization. The issue is not clarity, but the improper inference drawn from the data.
D. The conclusion actually needs much more support and is not logically valid as it stands. It makes a broad statement that is not directly supported by the data.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7: Classroom 1 is selected, which means no one from class 5 can be selected, but class 5 is selected in this option. This violates the first condition.
B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: Classroom 1 is selected, so no one from class 5 should be chosen, but class 5 is selected. This violates the first condition.
C. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: Classroom 2 is selected, so classroom 6 must also be selected, and it is selected here, so the third condition is satisfied. Classroom 3 is selected, which means classroom 5 must also be selected, and it is selected, so the second condition is satisfied. There is no violation of any condition here, so
D. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7: Classroom 2 is selected, so classroom 6 must also be selected, but classroom 6 is not selected, which violates the third condition. Therefore, Option D is not valid.
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