A student comes to the college health clinic with typical cold symptoms of fever, sneezing, and coughing, but the nurse also notes a rash with small white spots on the inside of the student's cheeks. Which of the following actions should be taken by the college health nurse?
Reassure the student that it is just a bad cold and will soon pass.
Inform all students, staff, and faculty of a possible measles exposure.
Inform all students, staff, and faculty of a possible rubella epidemic.
Tell the student to take two acetaminophen and drink lots of fluids.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Reassure the student that it is just a bad cold and will soon pass: This dismisses the symptoms and delays necessary public health intervention.
B. Inform all students, staff, and faculty of a possible measles exposure: Koplik spots (small white spots inside the cheeks) are a classic early sign of measles, which is highly contagious. Prompt notification is needed to prevent an outbreak.
C. Inform all students, staff, and faculty of a possible rubella epidemic: While rubella also causes a rash, it does not present with Koplik spots.
D. Tell the student to take two acetaminophen and drink lots of fluids: Symptomatic relief is important but does not address the risk of measles transmission.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Answering parents' questions about the safety and importance of vaccines today: While educating parents is essential, it relies on voluntary compliance and does not have the same large-scale impact as mandatory immunization laws.
B. Offering all immunizations to all children for a small fee: Improving vaccine access is important but does not guarantee that parents will vaccinate their children.
C. Educational campaigns to all health care providers about the importance of immunizations whenever a child is seen: While provider education is valuable, it does not enforce vaccinations on a broad population level like school-entry laws do.
D. "No shots, no school" legislation, which legally requires children be immunized before school: School immunization mandates have played a significant role in increasing vaccination rates and reducing outbreaks of preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, and pertussis. These laws ensure high vaccine compliance before children enter school, making them one of the most effective public health measures.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is a bloodborne disease, primarily spread through contact with infected bodily fluids, not through a vector.
B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a vector-borne disease transmitted by tick bites. Vectors are living organisms, such as mosquitoes or ticks, that carry infectious agents.
C. E. coli O157:H7: E. coli is a foodborne illness that spreads through contaminated food or water, not via a vector.
D. Anthrax: Anthrax is a bacterial infection that spreads through direct contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores, not through a vector.
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