For a bedridden Muslim patient, the nurse rearranges the room and moves the bed so that it faces toward Mecca for the patient's daily prayers. Which of the following is the nurse demonstrating through these actions?

A. Epidemiologic triangle: The epidemiologic triangle is a public health model that examines three key components of disease transmission:

• • Agent – The microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungus, etc.).

  • Host – The person or animal that harbors the disease.

  • Environment – External conditions that contribute to disease spread.

B. Health promotion: The health promotion model focuses on behavioral and lifestyle changes to prevent illness rather than examining the direct causes of disease.

C. Natural history of disease: The natural history of disease describes how a disease progresses without intervention from the initial exposure to resolution or chronicity, but it does not specifically analyze the agent, host, and environment.

D. Levels of prevention: The levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary) focus on preventing and managing disease, but they do not analyze the factors leading to disease transmission like the epidemiologic triangle does.

A. Communicate concern with chain of command: Addressing moral distress requires advocating for ethical concerns. Reporting issues to supervisors or the chain of command can initiate discussions and potential solutions.

B. Seek support from ethics committees: Ethics committees provide guidance and a structured way to resolve ethical dilemmas, helping nurses navigate morally distressing situations.

C. Be proactive: Taking a proactive approach—such as staying informed on ethical policies and seeking resolution early—can help prevent worsening distress.

D. Examine ways to work toward addressing the stressors: Identifying specific causes of moral distress and finding ways to address them, whether through self-reflection or systemic changes, promotes resilience and ethical practice.

E. Avoid discussing with others situations leading to moral distress: Suppressing concerns can worsen distress and lead to burnout. Open discussions with trusted colleagues, mentors, or support groups can help process emotions and develop solutions.