(Select all that apply): A nurse is providing care to multiple patients with suspected or confirmed influenza. Which isolation measures should the nurse implement? Select all that apply:
Cohort patients with different strains of influenza.
Limit the number of visitors and staff entering the room.
Instruct patients and visitors to dispose of tissues properly.
Administer antiviral drugs to all patients regardless of symptoms.
Implement standard precautions and droplet precautions. .
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A rationale:
The nurse should not cohort patients with different strains of influenza because different strains may have varying levels of virulence and infectivity. Cohorting patients with different strains could increase the risk of cross-infection and make it challenging to implement appropriate isolation measures for each strain.
Choice B rationale:
Limiting the number of visitors and staff entering the room is crucial to prevent the spread of influenza to vulnerable patients and healthcare workers. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets, and restricting access can help contain the virus.
Choice C rationale:
Instructing patients and visitors to dispose of tissues properly is essential as influenza is transmitted through respiratory secretions. Proper disposal of contaminated tissues can reduce the risk of indirect transmission through contact with contaminated surfaces.
Choice D rationale:
Administering antiviral drugs to all patients regardless of symptoms is not recommended. Antiviral treatment is generally reserved for patients at high risk for severe complications or those who present early in the course of the illness. Universal administration may lead to unnecessary drug use and potential side effects.
Choice E rationale:
Implementing standard precautions and droplet precautions is crucial when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, and following proper infection control protocols. Droplet precautions specifically address the transmission of respiratory droplets, which is a significant mode of influenza spread.
Choice A rationale:
The nurse should not cohort patients with different strains of influenza because different strains may have varying levels of virulence and infectivity. Cohorting patients with different strains could increase the risk of cross-infection and make it challenging to implement appropriate isolation measures for each strain.
Choice B rationale:
Limiting the number of visitors and staff entering the room is crucial to prevent the spread of influenza to vulnerable patients and healthcare workers. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets, and restricting access can help contain the virus.
Choice C rationale:
Instructing patients and visitors to dispose of tissues properly is essential as influenza is transmitted through respiratory secretions. Proper disposal of contaminated tissues can reduce the risk of indirect transmission through contact with contaminated surfaces.
Choice D rationale:
Administering antiviral drugs to all patients regardless of symptoms is not recommended. Antiviral treatment is generally reserved for patients at high risk for severe complications or those who present early in the course of the illness. Universal administration may lead to unnecessary drug use and potential side effects.
Choice E rationale:
Implementing standard precautions and droplet precautions is crucial when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, and following proper infection control protocols. Droplet precautions specifically address the transmission of respiratory droplets, which is a significant mode of influenza spread.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rapid antigen test.
Choice A rationale:
Viral culture is a laboratory test used to grow and identify viruses, including influenza. While it is sensitive and specific, it is not suitable for rapid diagnosis as it may take several days to produce results.
Choice B rationale:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific test that can detect the genetic material of the influenza virus. It is suitable for confirmation of the diagnosis, but it may take a few hours to produce results, so it is not as rapid as the correct answer.
Choice C rationale:
Serology involves testing for antibodies produced by the body in response to the influenza virus. While it can confirm past infection, it is not suitable for rapid diagnosis of acute influenza because it may take days to weeks for antibodies to develop.
Choice D rationale:
The rapid antigen test is a quick diagnostic test that detects specific proteins (antigens) on the surface of the influenza virus. It can provide results within 15-30 minutes, making it useful for rapid screening. However, it is less sensitive than PCR and may produce false-negative results in some cases. Despite this limitation, it is valuable in certain settings where immediate diagnosis is crucial for patient management and infection control.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The rapid antigen test for influenza generally has high specificity but low sensitivity. It means that the test is relatively good at correctly identifying people without influenza (true negatives) but may miss some true positive cases, leading to false-negative results.
Choice B rationale:
The rapid antigen test does not detect influenza viruses in blood samples; it is designed to detect the virus in respiratory secretions, such as nasal swabs. The results are available within minutes, not hours.
Choice C rationale:
The rapid antigen test provides quick results, usually within 15-30 minutes, and is not a prolonged waiting period like 3 to 10 days.
Choice D rationale:
The nurse should inform the client that the rapid antigen test is not suitable for confirming the diagnosis of influenza. While it can quickly identify some cases of influenza, it is not as reliable as other diagnostic methods like molecular tests (PCR) for confirming influenza. False-negative results are more likely with rapid antigen tests, and negative results may need to be confirmed with more sensitive tests if symptoms persist.
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