The nurse is assessing a 12-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately:

A. Autonomy.

The ethical/moral principle represented in this situation is autonomy. Autonomy refers to the respect for an individual's right to make their own decisions and choices about their own life and well-being. In this case, the parent expressing second thoughts about the child's surgery reflects a reconsideration of the decision, and the nurse's action of calling the surgeon respects the parent's autonomy by seeking further discussion and clarification.

B. Fidelity

Fidelity refers to the principle of faithfulness, loyalty, and keeping promises. While it is important in the healthcare context, the scenario does not involve a breach of fidelity.

C. Equality

Equality relates to the fair and just treatment of individuals. In this scenario, the primary focus is on the parent's autonomy and the reconsideration of the elective surgery, rather than issues of equality.

D. Justice

Justice involves the fair distribution of benefits and burdens in society. The scenario does not directly relate to justice but is more aligned with the principle of autonomy as the parent reconsiders the decision about the child's surgery.

A. Ridiculing their fears so they understand that there is no need to be afraid.

This option is not recommended. Ridiculing a child's fears can be emotionally harmful and may lead to increased anxiety. It's important to approach fears with empathy and support.

B. Using logical persuasion to explain away their fears and help them recognize how unrealistic the fears are.

While providing information and reassurance is important, simply dismissing or explaining away a child's fears may not be sufficient. Preschoolers may need more concrete strategies and involvement in managing their fears.

C. Actively involving them in finding practical methods to deal with the frightening experience.

This is the recommended choice. Actively involving preschoolers in finding practical methods allows them to participate in the process, promoting a sense of control and autonomy. It encourages them to develop coping skills.

D. Forcing them to confront the frightening object or experience in the presence of their parents.

Forcing a child to confront their fears may intensify anxiety and is generally not a recommended approach. It's essential to respect a child's pace and provide support as they work through their fears.