The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD) who is scheduled for a surgical repair tomorrow morning. When the nurse auscultates the child's lungs sounds, the nurse notes diffuse crackles and rales throughout the lung fields. The nurse interprets this assessment as which of the following?

Foreign body aspiration

Systemic congestion

Pneumonia

Pulmonary congestion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Foreign body aspiration is characterized by sudden onset of coughing, choking, and wheezing, not crackles and rales.

B. Systemic congestion refers to peripheral edema and does not usually present with crackles in the lungs.

C. Pneumonia would present with localized crackles or rales over specific lung areas and often includes fever and cough, which are not mentioned here.

D. Pulmonary congestion is common in children with VSD, particularly when the left side of the heart cannot effectively pump blood, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs. Crackles and rales indicate this type of fluid buildup.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In epiglottitis, there is typically an absence of spontaneous cough because of severe airway obstruction. Dysphonia (difficulty speaking) is also common due to swelling of the epiglottis.

B. Generalized skin flushing is not a common finding in epiglottitis.

C. Coarse tremors and splenomegaly are not associated with epiglottitis.

D. A harsh, productive cough and rhinorrhea are more common with viral respiratory infections, not epiglottitis.

A. Extreme fatigue B. An airway obstruction C. Presence of pain D. Presence of dehydration

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Extreme fatigue is not indicated by this positioning.

B. The child’s forward-leaning position with neck extension is a classic sign of epiglottitis, where the child is attempting to open the airway and facilitate breathing in response to obstruction.

C. Pain may be present, but the positioning is primarily related to an attempt to alleviate airway obstruction.

D. Dehydration would not typically cause this specific positioning.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a child with epiglottitis. Which of the following would be an expected finding?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse employed in an emergency department is monitoring a child diagnosed with epiglottitis. The nurse notes that the child is leaning forward with the neck extended. How would the nurse interpret this finding? -

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The primary health care provider prescribes patching for a child with amblyopia of the right eye, and the nurse instructs the parent regarding this procedure. What would the nurse include in the instructions?

After teaching a class about the hemodynamic characteristics of congenital heart disease, the instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the class identifies which defect as an example of a disorder involving increased pulmonary blood flow?

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old client with symptoms of excessive drooling, respiratory distress, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty speaking. Based on these assessment findings, which conditions does the nurse suspect?

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with otitis media. The parent asks the nurse about the causes of this illness. Which risk factors would the nurse include in response to this parent? Select all that apply.

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD), the nurse is aware that many infants with these conditions also receive a diagnosis of which of the following?

The nurse is providing asthma education to a teen that has just been diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for a child who has acute otitis media. Which of the following classic assessment findings should the nurse expect?