The public health nurse is working with a homeless client. Which of the following statements made by the homeless client indicates an understanding of tertiary prevention?
"I will make sure that I use the sunscreen that I got for free on my face every day."
"I will make sure to work with my social worker on obtaining my medication for my depression."
"I will be certain to attend the health fair to get a free flu shot."
"I will go to the public health clinic and request a blood pressure screening."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Sunscreen is primary prevention, not tertiary for existing issues. Medication fits tertiary. This errors per nursing standards. It’s universally distinct, preventive.
Choice B reason: Obtaining depression meds is tertiary, managing an existing condition. This aligns with public health standards. It’s universally distinct, showing tertiary understanding.
Choice C reason: Flu shots are primary prevention, not tertiary management. Medication is tertiary. This misaligns with nursing definitions. It’s universally distinct, not treatment.
Choice D reason: BP screening is secondary, not tertiary like managing depression. This errors per public health standards. It’s universally distinct, detection-focused.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Tertiary prevention treats effects, not site opposition. Justice fits, per nursing standards. This errors in focus. It’s universally distinct.
Choice B reason: Risk communication informs; justice opposes unfairness. This misaligns with public health principles. It’s universally distinct, not advocacy-based.
Choice C reason: Epidemiology studies patterns, not equity opposition. Justice applies, per nursing. This errors in purpose. It’s universally distinct.
Choice D reason: Environmental justice fights unfair environmental burdens on minorities. This aligns with nursing standards. It’s universally applied, distinctly equitable.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: HPV causes warts with a cauliflower-like, elevated growth due to viral-induced epidermal hyperplasia. Types 6 and 11, for instance, trigger keratinocyte proliferation, forming rough, clustered lesions, a hallmark distinguishing them from other skin infections biologically and clinically in appearance consistently.
Choice B reason: Vesicles ulcerating in 1-4 days describe herpes simplex, not HPV. Herpes viruses cause fluid-filled blisters that burst and crust rapidly due to viral cytopathic effects, differing from HPV’s chronic, proliferative growth pattern without ulceration typically seen in lesions.
Choice C reason: Thin-walled pustules with honey-colored crusts typify impetigo, a bacterial infection from Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. Unlike HPV’s viral, warty growths, these result from pus-filled lesions rupturing, lacking the proliferative, cauliflower-like structure HPV induces in skin tissue distinctly over time.
Choice D reason: Solitary growths with elevated borders and central depression suggest basal cell carcinoma, not HPV. This cancer arises from UV-damaged basal cells, forming a pearly nodule, contrasting HPV’s viral, multi-clustered warts without malignant transformation or central depression typically observed clinically.
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