What distinguishes a middle-range theory from a grand theory of nursing?

The nurse helps the client adapt to his or her illness: This statement refers to the nursing role in supporting patients in coping with their illnesses. Nurses provide education, emotional support, and strategies for adaptation, helping clients adjust to their health conditions. However, this statement does not capture the essence of the Orem Self-Care Model, which focuses on the individual's responsibility for their own health and self-care.

The primary goal of healthcare is a cure for the client: While curing diseases is a fundamental goal in healthcare, not all conditions are curable. The Orem Self-Care Model goes beyond the curative aspect and emphasizes the individual's active involvement in maintaining their health, whether they are ill or not. It places importance on the daily activities and routines that individuals can perform to enhance their well-being.

Healthcare is the responsibility of each individual: This statement reflects the core principle of the Orem Self-Care Model. It emphasizes that individuals have a personal responsibility for their own health and well-being. This responsibility includes taking actions to maintain health, prevent illness, and manage existing health conditions. The model provides a framework for understanding and assessing self-care abilities and needs.

Healthcare goals must be established for each client: While setting healthcare goals is an essential part of nursing care, the Orem Self-Care Model focuses more on empowering individuals to establish and achieve their own self-care goals. It emphasizes the individual's ability to identify their needs and develop strategies to meet those needs. The model guides nurses in assessing a person's self-care abilities and helping them improve their self-care skills.

Beneficence includes acts that end a client's suffering permanently: This statement is not accurate. Beneficence refers to the duty to do good and promote the well-being of the patient, but it does not necessarily include actions that end a patient's life permanently. Assisted suicide is a complex ethical issue and not universally considered an act of beneficence.

Paternalism is justified when the client is unsure about the best course of treatment: This statement is not accurate. Paternalism refers to the restriction of a person's autonomy for their own good. In cases of assisted suicide, paternalism would oppose the individual's right to make the decision about their own life, even if they are unsure about the best course of treatment.

Informed consent can only be fulfilled by the client understanding all alternatives: This statement is not accurate. While informed consent requires the patient to understand the alternatives, it is not specifically related to the ethical principle supporting assisted suicide. Informed consent is a broader concept applied to various medical procedures and interventions.

The right to self-determination includes the decision to end one's life: This statement is accurate. The right to self-determination is a fundamental ethical principle that respects an individual's autonomy and ability to make decisions about their own life, including decisions related to death, as seen in the case of assisted suicide.