What distinguishes a middle-range theory from a grand theory of nursing?

Health promotion: Nurse-run clinics focus on promoting health and preventing illness in the community. They provide services such as vaccinations, health screenings, and education on topics like nutrition, exercise, and disease prevention. The goal is to empower individuals and communities to make healthy lifestyle choices.

Disease cure: While nurse-run clinics may provide treatments for various illnesses and conditions, their primary focus is on prevention and health promotion. They aim to prevent diseases through education, screenings, and early interventions rather than focusing solely on curing diseases.

Pregnancy counseling services: Nurse-run clinics may offer pregnancy counseling services, especially related to prenatal care, childbirth education, and postpartum support. However, this is just one aspect of their services, and they cover a broader range of health promotion and preventive care services.

Abortion support: Nurse-run clinics might provide counseling and support services for individuals considering abortion, but this service is not the primary focus of most nurse-run clinics. The primary emphasis is on overall health promotion and preventive care for the community.

The client's spouse: While the spouse may be a close family member and have significant input into the client's medical decisions, the ultimate authority for decisions like a DNR order rests with the client, assuming they are competent to make their own decisions.

The client's only child: Similar to the spouse, a child can have an emotional and supportive role in the decision-making process, but unless legally designated as the healthcare proxy or power of attorney for healthcare decisions, they do not typically have the legal authority to make decisions for a competent adult.

The client: In the context of medical decision-making, the principle of patient autonomy is fundamental. If the client is competent and capable of making decisions, their wishes and consent are paramount. In the case of a DNR order, it should be discussed thoroughly with the client, ensuring they understand the implications, risks, and benefits before making an informed decision.

Any close blood-related relative: In general, the authority to make medical decisions, including DNR orders, is not automatically granted to any blood-related relative. The client or their legally appointed representative (such as a healthcare proxy) usually holds this authority.