What does the glycosylated hemoglobin test measure?

A. Primary immunodeficiency involves a developmental failure in the bone marrow or thymus, impairing immune system development. This aligns with the question, as primary immunodeficiencies, such as severe combined immunodeficiency or DiGeorge syndrome, result from genetic defects affecting lymphocyte development, crucial for meeting physiological needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.

B. Secondary immunodeficiency results from external factors like infections or malnutrition, not developmental failure in the bone marrow or thymus. This does not fit the question, as it lacks a congenital basis.

C. Autoimmune disorders arise from immune system dysfunction attacking self-tissues, not developmental failure in immune organs. This is unrelated to the question’s focus on developmental defects.

D. Infections are a consequence of primary immunodeficiency due to impaired T-cell or B-cell function, increasing susceptibility to recurrent bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. This fits the question, as immunodeficiency predisposes individuals to infections.

E. Allergies result from immune overreactions to harmless substances, not a direct consequence of developmental immune defects. This does not align with the question’s focus on immunodeficiency outcomes.

F. Autoimmune diseases involve immune attacks on self-tissues, not a primary outcome of developmental immune failure. This is incorrect for the question’s context.

G. Malignancies are a known complication of primary immunodeficiencies, as impaired immune surveillance increases cancer risk, particularly lymphomas or leukemias. This aligns with the question’s focus on outcomes of immunodeficiency.

H. Chronic pain is not a direct result of immunodeficiency or developmental failure in the bone marrow or thymus. This does not fit the question’s scope.

I. Recurrent infections are a hallmark of primary immunodeficiency, as defective immune components fail to protect against pathogens. This aligns with the question, as it directly results from immune system developmental failure.

Choice A reason: Landing on the feet from a high fall causes axial loading, compressing the spinal column, often resulting in a compression injury to the spinal cord. This damages cord tissue, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Transection involves complete severing of the spinal cord, typically from penetrating trauma. A fall causing compression is less likely to fully transect the cord, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Hyperflexion injuries occur when the spine bends forward excessively, as in whiplash. A fall on the feet causes vertical compression, not forward bending, making this choice incorrect for the injury.

Choice D reason: Hyperextension involves backward bending of the spine, not typical in a fall on the feet, which causes axial compression. This mechanism does not fit the described injury, making this choice incorrect.