What is an ominous sign of advanced SLE?

Choice A reason: Increasing caffeine intake is not recommended for fibromyalgia, as it can exacerbate sleep disturbances and anxiety, common in the condition. Fibromyalgia management focuses on improving sleep, reducing pain, and enhancing function through exercise and medications. This statement reflects misunderstanding, potentially worsening symptoms and hindering effective self-management strategies.

Choice B reason: Taking duloxetine in the morning is reasonable but not the best indicator of fibromyalgia teaching comprehension. Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, helps pain and mood but isn’t primarily for energy. This statement shows partial understanding, missing broader management strategies like exercise, which are central to fibromyalgia care.

Choice C reason: Chemotherapy is irrelevant for fibromyalgia, a non-inflammatory pain syndrome, not a malignancy. This statement indicates a significant misunderstanding of fibromyalgia’s nature and treatment, which involves exercise, medications like duloxetine, and cognitive therapies. Expecting a cure via chemotherapy misaligns expectations, delaying effective symptom management and patient education.

Choice D reason: Low-impact aerobics reduce fibromyalgia pain by improving muscle conditioning, circulation, and endorphin release, supported by evidence-based guidelines. This statement reflects understanding of nonpharmacological management, a cornerstone of fibromyalgia treatment, promoting physical function and pain relief, and aligning with comprehensive care to enhance quality of life.

Choice A reason: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder. Males (XY) pass their Y chromosome to sons and X to daughters, not the DMD gene. Females (XX) can pass the mutated X to offspring. This statement is incorrect, as males cannot pass the DMD gene to their children.

Choice B reason: DMD primarily affects males, as it is X-linked recessive, and males lack a second X chromosome to mask the mutation. Females are rarely affected, typically as carriers or in rare cases with skewed X-inactivation. This statement is incorrect, as patients are predominantly male, not female.

Choice C reason: Genetic testing identifies DMD gene mutations, confirming diagnosis and guiding treatment, such as corticosteroids to slow muscle degeneration or emerging gene therapies. It informs prognosis, carrier status, and family planning, making it critical for tailoring interventions and counseling families about the disease’s progression and management.

Choice D reason: Not all daughters of a carrier female will be carriers. A carrier mother has a 50% chance of passing the mutated X chromosome to each daughter, making half likely carriers. This statement is incorrect, as it overstates the genetic transmission probability for female offspring.