Which condition may be observed due to incorrect fluid replacement with hypotonic fluids in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Cerebral edema

Polyuria

Hypokalemia

Metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Cerebral edema is the most dangerous complication associated with the administration of hypotonic fluids in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This occurs because hypotonic fluids cause rapid shifts in fluid and electrolytes, which can lead to swelling of the brain, especially in children. The risk is heightened if fluids are replaced too quickly.
B. Polyuria is a common symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis due to high blood glucose levels and osmotic diuresis, but it is not caused by hypotonic fluid administration.
C. Hypokalemia is a potential risk in DKA but typically arises from the shift of potassium from the extracellular to intracellular space during treatment, especially with insulin administration, not from the use of hypotonic fluids.
D. Metabolic acidosis is a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis itself and is caused by the accumulation of ketones. It is not caused by hypotonic fluid replacement.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The client is likely experiencing an allergic reaction to penicillin, such as anaphylaxis, which can cause symptoms like itching, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. The first step is to stop the infusion immediately to prevent further exposure to the allergen.
B. Elevating the head of the bed might be helpful if the client is experiencing respiratory distress, but stopping the infusion is the priority action.
C. Auscultating the client's breath sounds may be useful later to assess the severity of respiratory distress, but it is not the first action in an acute allergic reaction.
D. Calling the provider is important, but the immediate priority is stopping the infusion to prevent further harm from the allergic reaction.

A. Tachypnea B. Bradycardia C. Hypothermia D. Pulse deficit

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common finding in pneumonia due to hypoxia and the body's attempt to compensate for impaired gas exchange in the lungs. It is one of the hallmark signs of pneumonia.
B. Bradycardia is uncommon in pneumonia. Tachycardia (increased heart rate) is more frequently observed as the body compensates for the infection and reduced oxygenation.
C. Hypothermia is not typically associated with pneumonia; more commonly, fever (hyperthermia) is present as a sign of infection.
D. A pulse deficit is a sign of a heart condition, such as atrial fibrillation, not typically related to pneumonia.

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Which condition may be observed due to incorrect fluid replacement with hypotonic fluids in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?

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Correct Answer is A

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