Which condition may be observed due to incorrect fluid replacement with hypotonic fluids in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Cerebral edema
Polyuria
Hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cerebral edema is the most dangerous complication associated with the administration of hypotonic fluids in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This occurs because hypotonic fluids cause rapid shifts in fluid and electrolytes, which can lead to swelling of the brain, especially in children. The risk is heightened if fluids are replaced too quickly.
B. Polyuria is a common symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis due to high blood glucose levels and osmotic diuresis, but it is not caused by hypotonic fluid administration.
C. Hypokalemia is a potential risk in DKA but typically arises from the shift of potassium from the extracellular to intracellular space during treatment, especially with insulin administration, not from the use of hypotonic fluids.
D. Metabolic acidosis is a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis itself and is caused by the accumulation of ketones. It is not caused by hypotonic fluid replacement.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A total laryngectomy involves the removal of the larynx, which can impact both the ability to smell and taste. This is due to the altered airflow and the loss of normal sensory processes. Explaining this to the patient is an appropriate response.
B. While offering to provide preferred foods may seem empathetic, it does not address the underlying issue, which is the loss of taste and smell due to the surgery.
C. Telling the client that hospital food is often tasteless does not address the patient's specific condition and may seem dismissive of their concerns.
D. While it might be helpful for the family to bring food, the nurse should first address the reason for the altered taste perception and educate the patient accordingly.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Encouraging the patient to increase oral fluid intake may help with secretion thinning over time, but in the immediate situation of thick respiratory secretions, it will not provide immediate relief.
B. Applying humidification to the oxygen would be helpful over time to thin secretions, but it is not the immediate action needed to address the difficulty in clearing thick secretions.
C. Suctioning the tracheostomy is the priority action in this situation. When a patient with a tracheostomy has difficulty clearing thick secretions, suctioning is the most effective way to relieve the obstruction and improve airflow, thereby addressing the immediate respiratory distress.
D. Offering reassurance is important, but it does not address the patient’s immediate need to clear the airway. Managing the respiratory distress should take priority.
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