Which of the following is true of fine motor skill development during middle and late childhood?
Letter size becomes bigger and more even with age.
Boys usually outperform girls in fine motor skills.
Increased myelination affects the development of gross motor skills but not fine motor skills.
Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Letter size becomes bigger and more even with age: Actually, handwriting tends to become smaller, neater, and more uniform with age due to improved fine motor control, so this statement is incorrect.
B. Boys usually outperform girls in fine motor skills: The typical finding is the opposite; girls generally outperform boys on many fine-motor tasks in middle/late childhood.
C. Increased myelination affects the development of gross motor skills but not fine motor skills: Myelination improves speed and coordination for both gross and fine motor skills; it’s not limited to gross motor development.
D. Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills: Girls typically show earlier and/or better performance on fine motor tasks (handwriting, manual dexterity) during middle and late childhood.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. ignore information contradicting previous knowledge: Ignoring contradictory information is a biased response (not a formal cognitive process in Piaget’s terms) and does not describe accommodation.
B. use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences: That describes assimilation (fitting new info into existing schemes), not accommodation.
C. try to balance conflicting information: Trying to achieve balance between assimilation and accommodation is closer to equilibration, not the definition of accommodation itself.
D. adjust old schemes to fit new information: Accommodation is precisely modifying existing cognitive schemas to incorporate new information or experiences.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Motor skills are initially influenced by biology but become increasingly dependent on environmental factors: While biology and environment both matter, this statement is overly linear and doesn’t capture the moment-to-moment, multi-factor interaction emphasized by dynamic systems theory.
B. Infants take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build representations of the world in their minds: This describes constructivist/cognitive processes (Piagetian), focusing on internal mental representations rather than dynamic, embodied action.
C. Motor development comes about through the unfolding of a genetic plan, or maturation: This is the maturational (nativist) view, which sees motor milestones as preprogrammed rather than emergent from multiple interacting factors.
D. Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements: Dynamic systems theory emphasizes that motor skills emerge from interactions among perception, action, the body, and environment; infants use perception to continuously adjust movements.
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