The correct answer is 2 tablets.

Choice A rationale:
The term “Aged” is not a specific life stage and can refer to anyone who is old, without specifying an age range.
Choice B rationale:
“Elderly” is often used to refer to individuals who are in their 80s or 90s, which is older than 653.
Choice C rationale:
“Adult” typically refers to individuals in the age range of 18 to 64 years, so a 65-year-old would not fall into this category.
Choice D rationale:
“Older adult” is a term often used to refer to individuals who are 65 years and older. So, the correct answer is Choice D, Older adult.

Answer is d. Drug elimination will be slowed. In obese patients, the elimination half-life (T1/2) of lipid-soluble drugs is increased due to their accumulation in fat stores. This leads to a slower drug elimination process.

a. Drug distribution will be more rapid: Incorrect because obesity affects drug distribution due to an increased volume of distribution (Vd) for lipid-soluble drugs. This is primarily due to the greater amount of adipose tissue in obese individuals, which serves as a reservoir for lipid-soluble drugs, leading to a larger apparent volume of distribution. However, this does not result in more rapid distribution but rather a prolonged distribution phase as the drug is distributed throughout the body.

b. Drug metabolism will be incomplete: This statement is too vague and does not directly relate to the pharmacokinetics of lipid-soluble drugs in obese patients. Drug metabolism can be affected by various factors including hepatic function, enzyme activity, and genetic polymorphisms, but the incompleteness of metabolism is not a characteristic feature of obesity.

c. Drug absorption will be impaired: Incorrect, as obesity can lead to increased absorption of oral medications due to increased gastric emptying. However, this primarily affects the absorption phase of pharmacokinetics, not elimination. In fact, increased absorption due to altered gastric emptying may result in higher initial plasma concentrations of the drug but does not directly impact its elimination rate.

d. Drug elimination will be slowed: Correct. In obese patients, the elimination of lipid-soluble drugs is slowed down due to their increased accumulation in fat stores. This is primarily attributed to the lipophilic nature of these drugs, which leads to their sequestration in adipose tissue. Consequently, the prolonged elimination half-life results in slower clearance of the drug from the body, leading to potentially prolonged pharmacological effects and increased risk of adverse reactions.

In summary, the correct answer is d because in obese patients, the pharmacokinetics of highly lipid-soluble drugs are characterized by slowed drug elimination, which is primarily due to the increased accumulation of these drugs in adipose tissue. This understanding is crucial for optimizing drug dosing and minimizing the risk of adverse effects in obese patients.

Choice A rationale:
The Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) is a classification system that allows for the standardized collection of essential nursing data. This aligns with the terminology in the question.
Choice B rationale:
The term New Medicine Detail Service does not align with the NMDS acronym and does not appear to be a recognized classification system in healthcare.
Choice C rationale:
The term National Medicine Details Set does not align with the NMDS acronym and does not appear to be a recognized classification system in healthcare.
Choice D rationale:
The term Nursing & Medicine Data Service does not align with the NMDS acronym and does not appear to be a recognized classification system in healthcare.

Choice A rationale:
The patient reporting a sore throat after taking his regular medications is subjective information because it is based on the patient’s personal experience and feelings.
Choice B rationale:
The patient’s daughter stating her father often forgets to take his medication is also subjective information as it is based on the daughter’s observations and perceptions.
Choice C rationale:
The patient stating he feels dizzy whenever he takes his medication is subjective information because it is based on the patient’s personal experience and feelings.
Choice D rationale:
The patient stating that his temperature has been 88.8F is objective information because it is a measurable fact.

Choice A rationale:
An allergic reaction refers to an immune response to a foreign substance. It does not describe the interaction between an antacid and ketoconazole.
Choice B rationale:
Displacement refers to one drug replacing another at the drug-binding site on proteins, altering the distribution of the displaced drug. It does not describe the interaction between an antacid and ketoconazole.
Choice C rationale:
Accumulation refers to the buildup of a drug in the body due to inadequate metabolism or excretion. It does not describe the interaction between an antacid and ketoconazole.
Choice D rationale:
A drug interaction occurs when the effect of one drug is altered by the administration of another drug. Antacids can slow the dissolution and absorption of ketoconazole, which is a type of drug interaction.

Choice A rationale:
Using a follow-up rinse with a flavored drink is a common practice when administering oral medication to a preschool child. This helps mask the taste of the medication, making it more palatable for the child.
Choice B rationale:
Placing the capsule or tablet under the tongue (sublingual administration) is not typically recommended for preschool children due to the risk of choking.
Choice C rationale:
Supporting the child’s head and holding the child in the lap can be helpful but is not a specific guideline for administering oral medication.
Choice D rationale:
Using chewable tablets can be an option if the child’s teeth are not loose. However, it’s not a general guideline as not all medications come in chewable form.

Choice A rationale:
A toxic reaction to a drug is best described as a deleterious adverse effect. It is capable of causing injury or death.
Choice B rationale:
An individual’s unexpected effect refers to idiosyncratic reactions, which are unpredictable and vary from person to person.
Choice C rationale:
Physiologic dependence refers to the body’s adaptation to a drug, requiring more of it to achieve a certain effect. It’s not a toxic reaction.
Choice D rationale:
Psychological craving is associated with addiction, not a toxic reaction to a drug.

Choice A rationale:
The blood flow of the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines can affect how quickly a drug is absorbed.
Choice B rationale:
Drug distribution refers to how a drug spreads throughout the body, not its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice C rationale:
Enzyme activity can affect how a drug is metabolized and absorbed.
Choice D rationale:
Gastric pH can affect drug absorption as some drugs are better absorbed in an acidic environment, while others are better absorbed in an alkaline environment.
Choice E rationale:
Gastric emptying time can affect drug absorption. Drugs may stay in contact with the absorptive tissue longer if the gastric emptying time is slower, allowing for increased absorption.

Choice A rationale:
Administering a medication to a patient is a Dependent nursing action because it requires a doctor’s order.
Choice B rationale:
Interdependent actions are those performed jointly with other healthcare team members, which is not the case here.
Choice C rationale:
Collaborative actions involve working closely with other healthcare professionals, but administering medication is typically a nurse’s responsibility.
Choice D rationale:
Independent nursing actions are those a nurse can take without a physician’s order, which doesn’t apply to medication administration.