A nurse is assessing a client with anemia, and the client reports a history of chronic alcoholism. Which type of anemia is most likely to be associated with alcoholism?

A) This choice is incorrect because folate-deficiency anemia is associated with a deficiency of folic acid, often caused by poor dietary intake or malabsorption, but not specifically linked to alcoholism.

B) This choice is incorrect because hemolytic anemia is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and is not directly related to alcoholism.

C) This choice is incorrect because sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder and is not caused by alcohol consumption.

D) This choice is correct. Macrocytic anemia is commonly associated with alcoholism due to the direct toxic effects of alcohol on bone marrow, resulting in the production of larger-than-normal red blood cells (macrocytes).

A) This choice is correct. A low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) indicates microcytic red blood cells, which are characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia.

B) This choice is incorrect because hemolytic anemia typically presents with a normal or elevated MCV, not a low MCV.

C) This choice is incorrect because megaloblastic anemia is associated with an elevated MCV due to the presence of larger-than-normal red blood cells (macrocytic).

D) This choice is incorrect because pernicious anemia is associated with a macrocytic MCV, not a microcytic MCV.