A nurse is discussing complications of hypertension with a client. Which target organ damage is related to hypertensive retinopathy?

A) This option is incorrect. Hypertension is not directly associated with pancreas damage.

B) This option is incorrect. Hypertension does not cause liver cirrhosis. Liver damage can occur in some cases of severe hypertension, but cirrhosis is typically caused by chronic liver disease, alcohol abuse, or viral hepatitis.

C) Correct answer. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for kidney dysfunction, including nephrosclerosis (hardening of the kidney arteries) and chronic kidney disease. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to long-term damage to the kidneys.

D) This option is incorrect. Bone fractures are not directly related to hypertension or its complications.

A) Correct answer. Occasional nosebleeds are typically unrelated to hypertension and are commonly caused by dry air, nasal irritation, or other factors.

B) This option is incorrect. While nosebleeds can occur in individuals with hypertension, they are not specific to hypertension and do not necessarily indicate worsening of the condition.

C) This option is incorrect. Nosebleeds are not an early warning sign of hypertensive crisis. Severe headache, shortness of breath, and neurological symptoms are more indicative of hypertensive crisis.

D) This option is incorrect. Nosebleeds, in isolation, are not usually indicative of severe hypertension. However, chronic uncontrolled hypertension can lead to target organ damage and potentially life-threatening complications.