What action(s) should a person take to prevent complications of immobility? (Select all that apply)
Wear compression stockings
Drink plenty of water every day
Avoid eating high-fiber foods
Conduct weight-bearing exercise
Perform deep breathing exercises
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
Choice A reason: Compression stockings promote venous return, preventing blood stasis and deep vein thrombosis, a common immobility complication. They support circulation in immobile limbs, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice B reason: Adequate hydration prevents dehydration, maintaining blood fluidity and reducing clot risk. It also supports urinary and bowel function, preventing complications like constipation, making this a correct action for immobility.
Choice C reason: Avoiding high-fiber foods increases constipation risk, a complication of immobility. High-fiber diets promote bowel motility, so this choice is incorrect as it worsens, not prevents, immobility complications.
Choice D reason: Weight-bearing exercise maintains muscle and bone strength, preventing atrophy and osteoporosis in immobility. It also improves circulation, reducing clot risk, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice E reason: Deep breathing exercises prevent atelectasis and pneumonia by promoting lung expansion and mucus clearance in immobile individuals, improving oxygenation and reducing infection risk, making this a correct action.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increased skin pigmentation is associated with Addison’s disease due to elevated ACTH stimulating melanocytes. Cushing syndrome, caused by excess cortisol, typically causes skin thinning and bruising, not hyperpigmentation. The excess cortisol does not directly affect melanin production, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Cushing syndrome leads to weight gain, not weight loss, due to cortisol’s promotion of fat deposition in central areas (e.g., abdomen, face). Increased appetite and altered metabolism contribute to obesity, not weight loss, making this choice incorrect as it contradicts the metabolic effects of hypercortisolism.
Choice C reason: Cushing syndrome often causes hypertension, not decreased blood pressure, due to cortisol’s mineralocorticoid effects, increasing sodium retention and vascular resistance. Decreased blood pressure is more associated with adrenal insufficiency, making this choice incorrect as it does not align with Cushing syndrome’s pathophysiology.
Choice D reason: Cushing syndrome, characterized by excess cortisol, suppresses the immune system by inhibiting inflammatory responses and reducing lymphocyte activity. This increases susceptibility to infections and impairs wound healing, making decreased immune response a hallmark complication, which is why this choice is correct.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Landing on the feet from a high fall causes axial loading, compressing the spinal column, often resulting in a compression injury to the spinal cord. This damages cord tissue, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Transection involves complete severing of the spinal cord, typically from penetrating trauma. A fall causing compression is less likely to fully transect the cord, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hyperflexion injuries occur when the spine bends forward excessively, as in whiplash. A fall on the feet causes vertical compression, not forward bending, making this choice incorrect for the injury.
Choice D reason: Hyperextension involves backward bending of the spine, not typical in a fall on the feet, which causes axial compression. This mechanism does not fit the described injury, making this choice incorrect.
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