What is the best description of Addison's disease?
It is caused by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland.
It is caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas.
It is caused by the lack of cortisol and aldosterone production by the adrenal gland.
It is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Overproduction of parathyroid hormone causes hyperparathyroidism, leading to hypercalcemia and bone issues. Addison’s disease involves adrenal insufficiency, reducing cortisol and aldosterone, not parathyroid dysfunction, making this choice incorrect as it describes a different endocrine disorder unrelated to adrenal function.
Choice B reason: Lack of insulin production by the pancreas describes type 1 diabetes, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s disease affects the adrenal glands, causing deficiencies in cortisol and aldosterone, leading to metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, making this choice incorrect for the described condition.
Choice C reason: Addison’s disease is adrenal insufficiency, characterized by inadequate cortisol and aldosterone production due to adrenal gland damage (e.g., autoimmune). This leads to symptoms like fatigue, hypotension, and hyperkalemia, accurately describing the pathophysiology and making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Overproduction of growth hormone causes acromegaly or gigantism, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s involves adrenal hormone deficiency, not pituitary overactivity. Growth hormone excess affects growth and metabolism, not adrenal function, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Melena is dark, tarry stool due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, not greasy or foul-smelling from malabsorption. It results from digested blood, not fat malabsorption, making this choice incorrect for the described diarrhea.
Choice B reason: Small-volume diarrhea is typically due to inflammation, like in inflammatory bowel disease, not malabsorption. It lacks the greasy, foul-smelling quality of fat malabsorption, making this choice incorrect for malabsorption-related diarrhea.
Choice C reason: Steatorrhea is greasy, foul-smelling diarrhea caused by fat malabsorption, common in disorders like celiac disease or pancreatic insufficiency. Undigested fats in stool cause its characteristic appearance and odor, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Osmotic diarrhea results from unabsorbed solutes, like lactose intolerance, causing watery stools, not specifically greasy or foul-smelling. It lacks the fat content of steatorrhea, making this choice incorrect for malabsorption diarrhea.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Poison ivy causes a type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reaction, where T-cells react to urushiol, triggering a delayed inflammatory response. This leads to dermatitis with itching and rash, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Allergic hypersensitivity is a broad term, often referring to type I (IgE-mediated) reactions, like anaphylaxis. Poison ivy involves T-cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity, not immediate allergic responses, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Immune complex hypersensitivity (type III) involves antigen-antibody complexes causing tissue damage, as in lupus. Poison ivy reactions are T-cell-driven, not immune complex-mediated, making this choice incorrect for the reaction.
Choice D reason: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (type II) involves antibodies attacking cell surface antigens, as in hemolytic anemia. Poison ivy causes a T-cell-mediated skin reaction, not antibody-driven cytotoxicity, making this choice incorrect.
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