What is the best description of Addison's disease?
It is caused by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland.
It is caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas.
It is caused by the lack of cortisol and aldosterone production by the adrenal gland.
It is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Overproduction of parathyroid hormone causes hyperparathyroidism, leading to hypercalcemia and bone issues. Addison’s disease involves adrenal insufficiency, reducing cortisol and aldosterone, not parathyroid dysfunction, making this choice incorrect as it describes a different endocrine disorder unrelated to adrenal function.
Choice B reason: Lack of insulin production by the pancreas describes type 1 diabetes, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s disease affects the adrenal glands, causing deficiencies in cortisol and aldosterone, leading to metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, making this choice incorrect for the described condition.
Choice C reason: Addison’s disease is adrenal insufficiency, characterized by inadequate cortisol and aldosterone production due to adrenal gland damage (e.g., autoimmune). This leads to symptoms like fatigue, hypotension, and hyperkalemia, accurately describing the pathophysiology and making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Overproduction of growth hormone causes acromegaly or gigantism, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s involves adrenal hormone deficiency, not pituitary overactivity. Growth hormone excess affects growth and metabolism, not adrenal function, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: SIADH causes excessive antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Low serum sodium results from increased water reabsorption in the kidneys, causing neurological symptoms, making this the correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Hyperkalemia is not associated with SIADH, which affects water balance, not potassium. Potassium imbalances occur in adrenal or renal disorders, not SIADH’s water retention mechanism, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hyperglycemia is unrelated to SIADH, which involves water retention and sodium dilution. Glucose levels are affected by diabetes, not antidiuretic hormone dysfunction, making this choice incorrect for SIADH manifestations.
Choice D reason: Hypertension may occur in SIADH due to fluid overload, but it is not the primary manifestation. Hyponatremia is more specific, as water retention directly dilutes sodium, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Passive natural immunity occurs via natural antibody transfer, like breast milk. Infusion of antibodies is an artificial process, not natural, providing temporary protection, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity type.
Choice B reason: Active artificial immunity involves vaccination, stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies. Antibody infusion provides pre-formed antibodies, not active production, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity mechanism.
Choice C reason: Active natural immunity results from natural infection, leading to the body’s antibody production. Infusion of antibodies is artificial and passive, not requiring immune activation, making this choice incorrect for the scenario.
Choice D reason: Passive artificial immunity occurs when pre-formed antibodies are infused, providing immediate but temporary protection without immune system activation. This matches the described antibody infusion, making this the correct choice.
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