What is the best description of Addison's disease?
It is caused by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland.
It is caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas.
It is caused by the lack of cortisol and aldosterone production by the adrenal gland.
It is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Overproduction of parathyroid hormone causes hyperparathyroidism, leading to hypercalcemia and bone issues. Addison’s disease involves adrenal insufficiency, reducing cortisol and aldosterone, not parathyroid dysfunction, making this choice incorrect as it describes a different endocrine disorder unrelated to adrenal function.
Choice B reason: Lack of insulin production by the pancreas describes type 1 diabetes, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s disease affects the adrenal glands, causing deficiencies in cortisol and aldosterone, leading to metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, making this choice incorrect for the described condition.
Choice C reason: Addison’s disease is adrenal insufficiency, characterized by inadequate cortisol and aldosterone production due to adrenal gland damage (e.g., autoimmune). This leads to symptoms like fatigue, hypotension, and hyperkalemia, accurately describing the pathophysiology and making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Overproduction of growth hormone causes acromegaly or gigantism, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s involves adrenal hormone deficiency, not pituitary overactivity. Growth hormone excess affects growth and metabolism, not adrenal function, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Taking pain medications manages symptoms of a sickling crisis but does not prevent it. Sickle cell crises occur due to hemoglobin S polymerization, triggered by hypoxia or dehydration, not directly prevented by analgesics, making this choice incorrect for prevention.
Choice B reason: Avoiding high altitudes reduces hypoxia, a trigger for sickling crises, as low oxygen levels promote hemoglobin S polymerization. While helpful, dehydration is a more significant and common trigger, making this choice less critical than avoiding dehydration.
Choice C reason: A high-protein, high-fat diet does not directly prevent sickling crises. Nutritional balance supports overall health, but sickle cell crises are triggered by dehydration, hypoxia, or infection, not dietary composition, making this choice incorrect for crisis prevention.
Choice D reason: Avoiding dehydration is critical in sickle cell anemia, as low fluid levels increase blood viscosity, promoting hemoglobin S polymerization and red cell sickling. This triggers vaso-occlusive crises, so maintaining hydration prevents these events, making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pyelonephritis, a bacterial kidney infection, causes intrarenal AKI by directly damaging renal parenchyma through inflammation and tubular injury. The infection disrupts nephron function, reducing filtration and leading to acute kidney injury, making this a correct cause of intrarenal damage.
Choice B reason: Nephrotoxins, such as certain drugs or chemicals, cause intrarenal AKI by directly injuring tubular epithelial cells. This disrupts renal filtration and reabsorption, leading to acute kidney injury through toxic cellular damage, making this a correct cause of intrarenal AKI.
Choice C reason: A bladder tumor causes postrenal AKI by obstructing urine outflow, leading to backpressure on the kidneys. It does not directly damage renal parenchyma, as intrarenal AKI requires, making this choice incorrect for intrarenal causes of kidney injury.
Choice D reason: Dehydration causes prerenal AKI by reducing blood volume and renal perfusion, not directly damaging the renal parenchyma. Intrarenal AKI involves intrinsic kidney damage, so dehydration’s hypoperfusion effect makes this choice incorrect for intrarenal AKI.
Choice E reason: Ureteral obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine flow, increasing pressure on the kidneys. It does not involve direct parenchymal damage, as required for intrarenal AKI, making this choice incorrect for the specified type of kidney injury.
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