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Ati lpn med surg level 2 test
Ati lpn med surg level 2 test
Total Questions : 44
Showing 10 questions Sign up for moreA nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of gout. The client asks the nurse how she got the disorder. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Explanation
A. Uric acid levels drop and calcium forms precipitate. Incorrect. Gout is caused by elevated levels of uric acid, not a drop. Calcium precipitates are associated with other conditions such as kidney stones, not gout.
B. Articular cartilage thins, leading to splitting and fragmentation. Incorrect. This describes osteoarthritis, not gout.
C. Uric acid crystal deposit(s) causing inflammation. Correct. Gout occurs due to the deposition of uric acid crystals in joints, leading to inflammation and pain.
D. Tophi form in the kidneys and impair the excretion of uric acid. Incorrect. Tophi are deposits of uric acid crystals found in the joints and other tissues, not specifically in the kidneys.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has multiple fractures in his left leg and reports severe pain and tingling in the extremity. The nurse should suspect which of the following complications?
Explanation
A. Fat embolism syndrome: Fat embolism syndrome can occur after fractures, particularly long bone fractures, but it typically presents with symptoms such as respiratory distress, petechiae, and neurological symptoms rather than severe pain and tingling in the affected extremity.
B. Osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone, is characterized by localized pain, swelling, and fever but does not usually present immediately with severe pain and tingling following a fracture.
C. Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs and presents with chest pain, shortness of breath, and possibly coughing up blood, not localized extremity pain and tingling.
D. Acute compartment syndrome. Acute compartment syndrome is a serious condition that involves increased pressure within a muscle compartment. It can lead to severe pain, tingling, and decreased blood flow, which is consistent with the symptoms described.
Which of the following strategies is most effective in preventing osteoporosis in older adults?
Explanation
A. Taking calcium supplements: While calcium supplements can help, they are not as effective alone without other measures such as weight-bearing exercise.
B. Avoiding all forms of physical activity. Physical inactivity can actually increase the risk of osteoporosis. Weight-bearing exercise helps to strengthen bones.
C. Regular weight-bearing exercise. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking or lifting weights, are the most effective in promoting bone health and preventing osteoporosis.
D. Limiting sun exposure. Limiting sun exposure can actually be detrimental because it can lead to a deficiency in vitamin D, which is necessary for calcium absorption and bone health.
A patient sustains a closed femur fracture of the right tibia and is placed in a long leg plaster cast, which is still damp. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to move the cast to prevent complications?
Explanation
A. Use your palms to move the cast. Using the palms prevents indentations that can cause pressure points and potential injury to the patient.
B. Do not move the cast until it is dry. The cast may need to be moved for various reasons, and waiting until it is completely dry may not be practical or safe.
C. Have the patient reposition their own leg. The patient should not move the leg to prevent potential damage or misalignment.
D. Use your fingertips to grasp the cast. Using fingertips can create pressure points and indentations in the still-damp plaster, potentially causing skin breakdown or pressure sores.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has an ankle sprain. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Explanation
A. Apply heat during the first 24 hr. Applying heat can increase swelling and should be avoided initially. Ice is recommended to reduce swelling.
B. Place moderate weight on the affected leg when walking. The affected leg should not bear weight until the initial acute phase of the injury has passed and pain/swelling has decreased.
C. Elevate the affected ankle to the level of the heart. Correct. Elevating the ankle helps to reduce swelling and promote venous return.
D. Apply the elastic compression dressing tight enough so the toes and ankle become numb. The compression dressing should be snug but not so tight that it restricts blood flow, which can lead to numbness and further injury.
The nurse is assisting with the care of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The nurse must remember in which way RA care is different from osteoarthritis care. What type of nursing care does the nurse specifically provide for the patient with RA?
Explanation
A. Acutely inflamed joints respond best to heat therapy. Heat therapy is generally used to relieve chronic stiffness in RA but acutely inflamed joints typically respond better to cold therapy to reduce inflammation.
B. It’s important to monitor all body systems for effects of the disease. Correct. RA is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple body systems, not just the joints, unlike osteoarthritis, which is primarily a degenerative joint disease.
C. Exercise is poorly tolerated and frequent rest is needed. While rest is important during acute flare-ups, regular, gentle exercise is crucial in managing RA to maintain joint function and muscle strength.
D. Injury and age are the greatest contributors to disease development. RA is an autoimmune disorder with a different etiology than osteoarthritis, which is more related to wear and tear and aging.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client that has osteomyelitis of an open wound on his heel. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Explanation
A. "Your provider may prescribe a central catheter line for long-term antibiotics." Correct. Osteomyelitis often requires long-term intravenous antibiotics, and a central catheter line is typically used for this purpose.
B. "You may need to apply a cold pack to the site three times per day." Cold therapy is not a standard treatment for osteomyelitis; managing infection and inflammation through medication is key.
C. "You will need to limit consumption of high-protein foods." There is no need to limit high-protein foods; in fact, adequate nutrition, including protein, is important for healing.
D. "Your provider may ask you to walk multiple times per day to increase circulation." While mobility is important, walking on an infected heel wound might not be advisable until the infection is under control.
A nurse at an urgent care center is reinforcing information with a new employee about the difference between sprains and strains. Which of the following examples should the nurse include as a cause of sprain injury?
Explanation
A. Overusing a muscle while jogging: This is an example of a strain, which involves muscles or tendons.
B. Crush injury to a bone from blunt trauma: Incorrect. This describes a fracture or a contusion, not a sprain or strain.
C. Impact injury on a joint from a fall: Incorrect. While a fall can cause a sprain, the impact itself is not specific to sprains; it could cause various types of injuries.
D. Twisting a ligament while walking. A sprain involves injury to ligaments, which is consistent with twisting a joint.
A nurse is caring for a client who is 3 days post-operative from a right hip arthroplasty. While transferring to a chair, the client cries out in pain. The nurse should examine the client for which of the following manifestations of dislocation of the hip prosthesis.
Explanation
A. Pallor following elevation of the right leg. Pallor is not a typical sign of hip dislocation.
B. Bulging in the area over the surgical incision. This could indicate a hematoma or infection, not specifically dislocation.
C. Sensation of warmth over the surgical site. Warmth can indicate infection or inflammation, but is not a primary sign of dislocation.
D. Shortening of the right leg. Correct. Shortening of the leg is a classic sign of hip dislocation post-arthroplasty.
Which of the following is a common symptom of osteomyelitis?
Explanation
A. Cough: Cough is not a common symptom of osteomyelitis. It is more commonly associated with respiratory infections or conditions affecting the lungs and airways.
B. Fever: Fever is a common symptom of osteomyelitis, which is an infection of the bone. The body’s immune response to the infection often results in an elevated body temperature.
C. Rash: Rash is not typically associated with osteomyelitis. Rashes are more commonly seen in skin conditions, allergic reactions, or certain systemic infections.
D. Headache: Headache is not a common symptom of osteomyelitis. It is more frequently associated with conditions affecting the head, such as migraines, tension headaches, or infections of the central nervous system.
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