Review Ati anatomy and physiology exam II

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Ati anatomy and physiology exam II

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Total Questions : 45

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Question 1:

Orthopnea refers to:

A. A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural B. Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright C. A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia D. A lung infection like pneumonia

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural: This describes a pleural effusion, not orthopnea.

Choice B:

Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright: This is the definition of orthopnea, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure.

Choice C:

A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia: This describes cyanosis, not orthopnea.

Choice D:

A lung infection like pneumonia: Pneumonia is a specific infection, not a description of breathing difficulty in certain positions.

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Question 2:

Which of the following is NOT descriptive of the alveoli?

A. Grapelike sacs located very close to pulmonary capillaries B. Located within the lungs C. Primarily concerned with gas exchange D. Contain smooth muscle

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Grapelike sacs located very close to pulmonary capillaries: This correctly describes the structure of alveoli.

Choice B:

Located within the lungs: Alveoli are indeed located in the lungs.

Choice C:

Primarily concerned with gas exchange: Alveoli are the main site of gas exchange in the lungs.

Choice D:

Contain smooth muscle: Alveoli do not contain smooth muscle; this is a feature of bronchi and bronchioles.

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Question 3:

Which of the following structures controls respirations?

A. Cerebellum B. Medulla oblongata C. Hypothalamus D. Cerebrum

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Cerebellum: The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance, not respiration.

Choice B:

Medulla oblongata: The medulla controls the rate and depth of breathing by monitoring CO₂ and pH levels.

Choice C:

Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis and emotions, not directly breathing.

Choice D:

Cerebrum: The cerebrum controls voluntary actions and higher-level thinking, not automatic respiration.

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Question 4:

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a respiratory disorder and displays manifestations of hypoxia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. Cyanosis B. Bradycardia C. Pallor D. Bradypnea

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Cyanosis: Cyanosis is a common sign of hypoxia caused by low oxygen levels in the blood.

Choice B:

Bradycardia: Hypoxia typically causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.

Choice C:

Pallor: Pallor may indicate anemia or poor circulation, not specifically hypoxia.

Choice D:

Bradypnea: Hypoxia usually triggers an increased respiratory rate (tachypnea), not bradypnea.

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Question 5:

Which of the following are reasons that people breath more rapidly when exercising? Select all that apply.

A. Increase in need for 02 B. Decrease in need for 02 C. Increase in CO2 levels D. Increase in RBC production E. Decrease in CO2 levels

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Increase in need for O₂: Muscles need more oxygen during exercise, so respiratory rate increases.

Choice B:

Decrease in need for O₂: This is incorrect; oxygen needs increase during exercise.

Choice C:

Increase in CO₂ levels: Exercise produces more CO₂, which stimulates breathing.

Choice D:

Increase in RBC production: This occurs over time in response to chronic hypoxia, not acutely during exercise.

Choice E:

Decrease in CO₂ levels: CO₂ levels rise during exercise, prompting faster breathing, not decrease.

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Question 6:

Identify the names of the following: voice box, throat, windpipe.

A. Bronchial tree, carina, apex B. Larynx, pharynx, trachea C. Larynx, epiglottis, eustachian tube D. Larynx, vocal cords, trachea

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Bronchial tree, carina, apex: These refer to lower airway structures and lung anatomy, not the throat/voice box.

Choice B:

Larynx, pharynx, trachea: Larynx = voice box, Pharynx = throat, Trachea = windpipe.

Choice C:

Larynx, epiglottis, eustachian tube: The eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the throat; not part of respiratory naming here.

Choice D:

Larynx, vocal cords, trachea: Vocal cords are part of the larynx; pharynx (throat) is missing.

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Question 7:

Which of the following best describes the visceral and parietal pleura?

A. They are surfactant secreting membranes B. They line the inner wall of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles C. They are serous membranes D. They line the mediastinum

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

They are surfactant secreting membranes: Surfactant is secreted by alveolar cells, not pleural membranes.

Choice B:

They line the inner wall of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles: These are lined by mucosa, not pleura.

Choice C:

They are serous membranes: The visceral pleura covers the lungs; the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity.

Choice D:

They line the mediastinum: The pleura surround the lungs, not the mediastinum specifically.

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Question 8:

Which of the following is correct air flow?

A. Bronchioles-glottis-alveoli B. Trachea-bronchi-bronchioles C. Larynx-alveoli-carina D. Bronchi-trachea-alveoli

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Bronchioles-glottis-alveoli: This is not a correct sequence; air doesn't go from bronchioles to glottis.

Choice B:

Trachea-bronchi-bronchioles: This is the correct anatomical sequence of airflow.

Choice C:

Larynx-alveoli-carina: Carina comes before the alveoli and is part of the tracheal bifurcation.

Choice D:

Bronchi-trachea-alveoli: Air flows from trachea → bronchi → alveoli, not bronchi → trachea.

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Question 9:

An increase in blood _____ is most likely to increase the rate of breathing.

A. CO2 B. Volume C. Bilirubin D. Calcium

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

CO₂: High CO₂ (hypercapnia) stimulates the respiratory center to increase breathing.

Choice B:

Volume: Blood volume doesn't directly affect respiratory rate.

Choice C:

Bilirubin: This is associated with liver function and jaundice, not respiration.

Choice D:

Calcium: Calcium levels affect muscle function, not the breathing rate directly.

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Question 10:

Bradypnea and tachypnea:

A. Refer to breathing rates B. Are respiratory changes caused by exercise C. Are upper respiratory infections D. Are relieved by sitting upright

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Refer to breathing rates: Bradypnea = slow breathing; tachypnea = rapid breathing. Both describe respiratory rates.

Choice B:

Are respiratory changes caused by exercise: Tachypnea may occur with exercise, but bradypnea does not.

Choice C:

Are upper respiratory infections: These are breathing patterns, not infections.

Choice D:

Are relieved by sitting upright: This describes orthopnea, not bradypnea/tachypnea.

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Ati anatomy and physiology exam II

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