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Anatomy and physiology exam
Total Questions : 48
Showing 10 questions, Sign in for moreSpecific enteroendocrine cells of the stomach, called G cells, are stimulated by partially digested proteins, caffeine, and rising pH. When stimulated, G cells secrete
The bolus is liquefied in the
Explanation
A. Stomach: The stomach mixes the food with gastric juices, converting the solid bolus into a semi-liquid substance called chyme.
B. Small intestine: The small intestine receives chyme but does not liquefy the bolus.
C. Mouth: The mouth forms the bolus through mastication and saliva, but it does not produce chyme.
D. Esophagus: The esophagus only transports the bolus via peristalsis and plays no role in liquefying it.
Which of the following is (are) NOT important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion?
Hepatocytes do NOT
All of the following are true of swallowing (deglutition) except one. Select the statement that is NOT true of swallowing.
The
Explanation
A. Cephalic: The cephalic phase occurs before food enters the stomach, triggered by sight, smell, or thought of food, and stimulates gastric secretion via the vagus nerve.
B. Gastric: The gastric phase begins when food enters and stretches the stomach, triggering myenteric and vagovagal reflexes that stimulate acid and enzyme secretion.
C. Intestinal: The intestinal phase involves chyme entering the duodenum, which moderates gastric activity, mostly inhibitory.
D. Gastrointestinal: “Gastrointestinal” is a general term and not one of the specific phases of gastric secretion.
E. Mesenteric: “Mesenteric” refers to the mesentery (tissue supporting the intestines), not a phase of digestion.
The surface of the tongue is covered with
Explanation
A. Keratinized; lingual papillae: The dorsal surface of the tongue is lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, especially in areas subject to friction, and contains lingual papillae that house taste buds.
B. Keratinized; lingual frenulum: The lingual frenulum is the fold under the tongue, not a bump or papilla.
C. Nonkeratinized; lingual papillae: The top of the tongue is typically keratinized, not nonkeratinized, due to exposure to friction.
D. Nonkeratinized; tonsils: Tonsils are not part of the tongue's surface epithelium and don’t contain taste buds.
E. Nonkeratinized; vallate papillae: Vallate papillae are a type of lingual papillae, but the overall surface is keratinized, not nonkeratinized.
The
Explanation
A. Intrinsic salivary gland: This is a general category, not a pair of specific glands, so it doesn't answer the two-part question.
B. Lingual; labial: Both lingual and labial glands are intrinsic (minor) salivary glands.
C. Submandibular; lingual: The submandibular gland is one of the major extrinsic salivary glands, while lingual glands are minor intrinsic glands located in the tongue.
D. Submandibular; sublingual: Both are extrinsic salivary glands.
E. Sublingual; parotid: Both are extrinsic glands; the parotid is the largest.
F. Lingual; sublingual: Lingual is intrinsic; sublingual is extrinsic, so the order here is reversed.
Which of the following is not a trigger for mass movements of the colon?
A child with restricted tongue movement may have a surgery that involves the cutting of the
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