Share This Link

CT and MRI scans: Imaging studies are typically normal in Parkinson’s and are used only to rule out other causes. They do not confirm the diagnosis.

The presence of tremors that increase during voluntary movement: This describes an intention tremor, which is more characteristic of cerebellar disorders, not Parkinson’s. Parkinson’s tremors occur at rest and decrease with voluntary motion.

Cerebral angiogram that reveals the presence of cerebral atherosclerosis: A cerebral angiogram assesses blood vessels, not neurodegenerative changes. It is not used to diagnose Parkinson’s disease.

Large, embellished handwriting: Parkinson’s typically causes micrographia, or abnormally small, cramped handwriting. Large, decorative writing is not characteristic of the disease.

Weakness of one leg resulting in a limping walk: Parkinson’s does not usually cause true muscle weakness; gait changes are due to bradykinesia and rigidity rather than unilateral weakness.

Onset of muscle spasms occurring with voluntary movement: This description is more consistent with spasticity or dystonia, not Parkinson’s. Muscle rigidity in Parkinson’s is usually continuous and not limited to voluntary motion.

It stimulates dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia: This describes the action of dopamine agonists, not levodopa. Levodopa requires conversion into dopamine before exerting its effects.

It promotes the release of dopamine from brain neurons: Levodopa increases dopamine by being converted into it, not by causing release from existing stores. Parkinson’s involves loss of dopamine-producing neurons, limiting natural release.

It prevents the excessive breakdown of dopamine in the peripheral tissues: This is the role of carbidopa, which is often combined with levodopa. Carbidopa allows more levodopa to reach the brain by preventing premature breakdown.

Use an elevated toilet seat: While helpful for ease of transfers, it does not directly reduce fall risk during walking. It is more related to comfort and mobility at rest.

Use a walker or cane for support: Assistive devices can help, but correct gait mechanics—like lifting the toes—are still essential. Devices alone are not sufficient without proper walking technique.

Rock side to side to initiate leg movements: This technique helps with freezing of gait, but it is not primarily for fall prevention during regular walking. It is used to overcome hesitation in movement, not to address toe dragging.

Maintain a constant pace of walking: Clients with Parkinson’s often experience freezing or shuffling, making consistent pacing difficult. Emphasizing posture is more effective for preventing falls.

Keep the walker a full arm’s length in front: This places the walker too far ahead and increases fall risk. The walker should remain close enough to provide stable support.

Pick up the walker when taking a step: Wheeled walkers are designed to glide; lifting them can destabilize the client. This can lead to imbalance and a greater risk of falling.

Complete passive range-of-motion exercises: This is more appropriate for preventing contractures in immobile clients, not specifically for addressing bradykinesia. Bradykinesia requires supportive pacing, not passive exercises alone.

Provide an alternate form of communication: This may be necessary in cases of speech loss or advanced disease, but is not the most appropriate first response to bradykinesia. Clients with bradykinesia can still communicate, just more slowly.

Assist with hygiene as needed: While important in overall care, this action does not directly address the communication difficulties caused by bradykinesia.