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Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System > Pharmacology
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Total Questions : 15
Showing 15 questions, Sign in for moreFollowing administration of phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), the nurse would assess for which of the following adverse drug effects?
Anticholinergics may be ordered for which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.
Propranolol (Inderal) has been ordered for a client with hypertension. Because of adverse effects related to this drug, the nurse would carefully monitor for which adverse effect?
Older adult clients taking bethanechol (Urecholine) need to be assessed more frequently because of which of the following adverse effects?
The client taking benztropine (Cogentin) should be provided education on methods to manage which common adverse effect?
The client or family of a client taking tacrine (Cognex) should be taught to be observant for which of the following adverse effects that may signal that a possible overdose has occurred?
A 59-year-old patient came to see the primary healthcare provider regarding some discomfort that was being experienced as shooting down the left arm. The patient has a history of hypertension, asthma, and glaucoma. Currently the patient is taking the following medications: atenolol for hypertension, albuterol for asthma (as needed), and pilocarpine drops for glaucoma.
The nurse discussed with the patient in the scenario the effects of the medications that they are currently taking. When explaining this the nurse described the common neurotransmitters and how they affect the central nervous system by stating which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A male patient was discussing with the nurse that he was experiencing problems urinating after taking an antihistamine that has anticholinergic properties and was wondering why this was happening. Which statement by the nurse explains this effect?
The patient in the scenario is taking a cholinergic agent. Indicate which medication is being used, what clinical effect the nurse can expect, and for what adverse effect the nurse should monitor.
Choose the most likely option for the information missing from the statements below by selecting from the list of options provided.
The nurse will discuss with the patient the use of
Explanation
Rationale for correct answer:
Pilocarpine is a direct-acting cholinergic agonist that stimulates muscarinic receptors. It is primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor outflow. Nurses administering cholinergic agents like pilocarpine should anticipate both therapeutic effects and systemic adverse effects associated with parasympathetic activation.
Pilocarpine
Pilocarpine is the appropriate choice as it is a cholinergic agent used in ophthalmology to treat glaucoma by activating muscarinic receptors in the eye. This enhances aqueous humor drainage, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.
Glaucoma; reducing intraocular pressure
Glaucoma is managed by lowering intraocular pressure to prevent optic nerve damage. Pilocarpine constricts the pupil (miosis) and opens the trabecular meshwork, facilitating fluid drainage from the anterior chamber.
Bradycardia
Systemic absorption of pilocarpine may stimulate muscarinic receptors in the heart, resulting in slowed heart rate (bradycardia), especially with higher doses or in sensitive individuals. This is a common systemic adverse effect of cholinergic agonists.
Take-home points:
- Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist used to treat glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure via miosis and enhanced aqueous humor outflow.
- Nurses should monitor for systemic cholinergic effects, including bradycardia, excessive salivation, or sweating.
- Understanding the systemic effects of ophthalmic medications is crucial, especially in older adults or those with preexisting cardiac conditions.
The patient in the scenario who has recently been prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocking agent now presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. Which adverse effect from the medications is the patient likely exhibiting?
The nurse reviewing a patient’s preoperative medications noted that atropine sulfate was listed. In which diagnoses should atropine sulfate be used with caution? Select all that apply
A client is receiving bethanechol (Urecholine). The nurse realizes that the action of this drug is to treat which condition?
When a patient has a cholinergic overdose from excessive dosing of bethanechol (Urecholine), the nurse anticipates administration of which drug as the antidote?
The nurse will monitor the patient taking albuterol (Proventil) for which conditions? Select all that apply.
The nurse is administering atenolol (Tenormin) to a patient. Which concurrent drugs does the nurse expect to most likely cause an interaction? Select all that apply.
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