Review HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II (ARIZONA COLLEGE)

Exam Review

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II (ARIZONA COLLEGE)

Share This Link

Share on social media

Facebook

Messager

WhatsApp

Share URL
Copy

We are excited to announce the release of a NEW VERSION OF THE SYSTEM! To benefit from the latest features, improvements, and component updates, please switch to the new system as soon as possible.

Visit Latest Version

Total Questions : 64

Showing 10 questions, Sign in for more

Question 1:

The tubular structure of the uterus that projects a short distance into the vagina is called the_

A. Cervix B. Perimetrium C. Vestibule D. External os

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Cervix: The narrow, tubular, inferior portion (“neck”) of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina; it contains the external os.

Choice B:

Perimetrium: The outer serosal covering of the uterus (visceral peritoneum); not a tube and doesn’t project into the vagina.

Choice C:

Vestibule: The external genital space between the labia minora with the urethral and vaginal openings; not part of the uterus.

Choice D:

External os: Merely the opening of the cervix into the vagina—not the entire projecting tubular structure.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 2:

Identify the correctly matched structures and numbers. (Select all that apply)

A. Glomerulus - 6 B. PCT-9 C. Distal convoluted tubule - 8 D. Nephron loop - 3, 4 and 5 E. DCT-9 F. Glomerular capsule - 1 G. Collecting duct – 1

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Glomerulus – 6: The glomerulus is the capillary tuft labeled 2, not 6.

Choice B:

PCT – 9: The proximal convoluted tubule is labeled 7 (first coiled segment after the capsule); there is no 9 shown.

Choice C:

Distal convoluted tubule – 8: The DCT is labeled 6 (coiled segment after the ascending limb). 8 points to the collecting system.

Choice D:

Nephron loop – 3, 4 and 5: 3 = descending limb, 4 = hairpin turn, 5 = ascending limb.

Choice E:

DCT – 9: DCT is 6; no 9 indicated.

Choice F:

Glomerular capsule – 1: The capsule (Bowman’s capsule) encasing the glomerulus is labeled 1.

Choice G:

Collecting duct – 1: The collecting duct is the long vertical duct on the right (labeled 7/8), not 1.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 3:

Which of the following are major organs of the alimentary canal/GI tract? (Select all that apply)

A. Liver B. Esophagus C. Rectum D. Gallbladder E. Pharynx F. Small intestine

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Liver: Accessory digestive organ (produces bile) but not part of the canal.

Choice B:

Esophagus: Muscular tube conveying food to the stomach.

Choice C:

Rectum: Terminal segment of the large intestine within the canal.

Choice D:

Gallbladder: Accessory organ that stores bile.

Choice E:

Pharynx: Shared passage that moves food/fluids to the esophagus (and air to the larynx).

Choice F:

Small intestine: Major segment of the canal for digestion and absorption.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 4:

Blood leaves the glomerulus through the ______ after filtration has occurred.

A. DCT B. Efferent arteriole C. Collecting duct D. Loop of Henle

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

DCT: A tubular (urine) segment, not a blood vessel.

Choice B:

Efferent arteriole: Carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration.

Choice C:

Collecting duct: Urine pathway, not for blood.

Choice D:

Loop of Henle: Part of the nephron tubule for filtrate, not a vessel.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 5:

Name this valve:

A. Ileoappendix B. Pyloric sphincter C. Duodenorenal D. Ileocecal

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Ileoappendix: Not a standard anatomical valve -the term suggests a junction with the appendix but is not the valve between small and large intestine.

Choice B:

Pyloric sphincter: The pyloric sphincter is between the stomach and duodenum, not at the ileum–cecum junction.

Choice C:

Duodenorenal: Not a recognized valve -describes a relation between duodenum and kidney region, not a valve.

Choice D:

Ileocecal: The ileocecal (ileocecal/ileocecal) valve is the sphincter at the junction of the terminal ileum and cecum that controls flow of chyme into the large intestine.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 6:

Which statement accurately characterizes the primary role of the human reproductive system?

A. It coordinates sensory perception and integration. B. It synthesizes hormones for energy metabolism. C. It ensures the continuation of the species. D. It regulates fluid balance within the body.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

It coordinates sensory perception and integration: That is the primary role of the nervous system (sensory integration, not reproduction).

Choice B:

It synthesizes hormones for energy metabolism: Endocrine organs (e.g., thyroid, pancreas) are chiefly responsible for metabolic hormone synthesis; while reproductive organs produce sex hormones, their primary system role is reproduction.

Choice C:

It ensures the continuation of the species: The main biological function of the reproductive system is to produce gametes and enable fertilization and development, ensuring species propagation.

Choice D:

It regulates fluid balance within the body: Fluid/electrolyte balance is primarily regulated by the renal and endocrine systems (kidneys, ADH, aldosterone).

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 7:

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the nephron?

A. Stimulating thirst sensation B. Increasing blood pressure C. Increasing water reabsorption D. Promoting sodium reabsorption

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Stimulating thirst sensation: Incorrect (secondary/indirect). Thirst is primarily driven by hypothalamic osmoreceptors and angiotensin II; ADH primarily acts on kidneys to conserve water (though osmoregulation pathways are linked).

Choice B:

Increasing blood pressure: Partially true but not primary. ADH can raise blood pressure indirectly by increasing blood volume via water retention, but its primary renal effect is on water reabsorption.

Choice C:

Increasing water reabsorption: ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability of the late distal tubule and collecting duct by inserting aquaporin channels, concentrating urine and conserving body water.

Choice D:

Promoting sodium reabsorption: Sodium reabsorption is primarily stimulated by aldosterone; ADH’s main action is water reabsorption (though water retention can secondarily affect sodium concentration).

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 8:

The instructor is educating a group of nursing students about the regulatory mechanisms affecting water reabsorption in the nephron. Which renal structures are primarily influenced by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone, leading to adjustments in the rate of water reabsorption?

A. Glomerulus B. Loop of Henle C. Vasa recta D. DCT and collecting duct

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Glomerulus: The glomerulus is the filtration site; ADH/aldosterone act downstream on tubular epithelial cells, not on glomerular filtration directly.

Choice B:

Loop of Henle: The loop establishes the medullary gradient; ADH/aldosterone have limited direct action here (ADH affects water permeability mainly in collecting ducts; aldosterone acts mainly on DCT/collecting duct).

Choice C:

Vasa recta: Vasa recta are blood vessels that help preserve the medullary gradient (countercurrent exchange) but are not the primary hormone-target epithelial segments for ADH/aldosterone.

Choice D:

DCT and collecting duct: Aldosterone acts on the distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption (and K⁺ secretion); ADH acts on the late DCT and collecting duct to increase water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins -together they adjust water and sodium retention.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 9:

Which of the following is true regarding normal quiet expiration of air?

A. It depends on the complete lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall. B. It is driven by increased blood CO2 levels. C. It is a passive process that depends on the relaxation of inspiratory muscles. D. It requires contraction of abdominal wall muscles.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

It depends on the complete lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall: Alveoli have surface tension; pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension but does not eliminate it. Quiet expiration does not require an absence of surface tension.

Choice B:

It is driven by increased blood CO₂ levels: Elevated CO₂ increases the drive to breathe (affects ventilation rate), but quiet expiration itself is not actively driven by CO₂ -it is passive.

Choice C:

It is a passive process that depends on the relaxation of inspiratory muscles: Quiet expiration occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostals relax and elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall returns air to atmosphere.

Choice D:

It requires contraction of abdominal wall muscles: Abdominal muscle contraction is used for forced expiration (e.g., coughing or heavy exercise), not normal quiet expiration.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 10:

Identify the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation on the urinary system. (Select all that apply)

A. It promotes vasoconstriction of blood vessels B. It stimulates thirst C. It lowers blood pressure D. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys E. It stimulates the release of renin

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

It promotes vasoconstriction of blood vessels: Angiotensin II (RAAS mediator) is a potent vasoconstrictor, raising systemic vascular resistance and affecting renal blood flow.

Choice B:

It stimulates thirst: Angiotensin II acts on the brain (hypothalamus) to stimulate thirst and ADH release, promoting fluid intake and retention.

Choice C:

It lowers blood pressure: RAAS activation raises blood pressure by vasoconstriction and increased sodium/water retention.

Choice D:

It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys: Aldosterone promotes Na⁺ reabsorption (water follows), and angiotensin II/ADH actions lead to increased water retention—overall increasing water reabsorption.

Choice E:

It stimulates the release of renin: Renin release is the initiating step of RAAS activation (triggered by low renal perfusion); once RAAS is active, angiotensin II typically provides negative feedback that suppresses further renin release rather than stimulating it.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Sign Up or Login to view all the 64 Questions on this Exam

Join over 100,000+ nursing students using Naxlex’s science-backend flashcards, practice tests and expert solutions to improve their grades and reach their goals.

Exam Review

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II (ARIZONA COLLEGE) Share this Share This Link Share on social media Facebook Messager WhatsApp Share URL Copy Close

Total Questions : 64

Sign Up or Login to view all the 64 Questions on this Exam

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II (ARIZONA COLLEGE)

Share This Link

Share on social media

Facebook

Messager

WhatsApp

Share URL
Copy