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LPN Paediatrics Nursing Proctored Exam 5
ATI LPN Paediatrics Nursing Proctored Exam 5
Total Questions : 38
Showing 10 questions Sign up for moreA nurse is taking care of a child with a possible diagnosis of meningitis. The nurse knows to look for which laboratory results to verify the diagnosis?
Explanation
A. Decreased pressure and cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein level. Meningitis usually causes increased intracranial pressure, not decreased.
B. Clear cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein and low glucose. Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis, but bacterial meningitis more often causes cloudy CSF.
C. Cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a low protein and low glucose. While glucose is low in bacterial meningitis, protein is typically elevated due to the infection.
D. Cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein and low glucose levels. This finding is consistent with bacterial meningitis, where the CSF is cloudy, protein is elevated due to inflammation, and glucose is low because bacteria consume glucose.
A nurse is assisting with the development of an inservice about viral and bacterial meningitis. The nurse should include that the introduction of which of the following immunizations decreased the incidence of bacterial meningitis?
Explanation
A. Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB) Vaccine and TDAP. HIB vaccine reduces the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, but TDAP does not target pathogens responsible for meningitis.
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV). IPV prevents polio but has no impact on meningitis incidence. PCV is correct for preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
C. DTAP and Varicella Vaccine. DTAP does not prevent bacterial meningitis, and varicella vaccine prevents chickenpox, not meningitis.
D. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) and Haemophilus Type B (HIB Vaccine). These vaccines directly prevent bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which were previously leading causes of meningitis in children.
A nurse is caring for a child who has pertussis. The child's parent asks the nurse what the common name for this disease is. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
Explanation
A. Whooping cough. Pertussis is commonly called "whooping cough" due to the characteristic "whooping" sound heard during coughing fits.
B. Fifth disease. Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19, not Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria causing pertussis.
C. Chickenpox. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and has no relation to pertussis.
D. Mumps. Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, unrelated to pertussis.
Down Syndrome is caused by which additional chromosome?
Explanation
A. 20. Trisomy 20 is not associated with Down syndrome.
B. 21. Down syndrome results from an extra copy of chromosome 21, called Trisomy 21.
C. 22. Trisomy 22 leads to other syndromes but not Down syndrome.
D. 19. Trisomy 19 is incompatible with life and does not cause Down syndrome.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a caregiver of a preschool child about factors that affect the child's perception of death. Which of the following factors should the nurse include?
Explanation
A. Preschool children experience fear related to the disease process. While preschool children may fear pain or separation, this statement does not directly address their perception of death.
B. Preschool children understand death completely. Preschool children do not fully understand the permanence of death; this comprehension develops later.
C. Preschool children have no concept of death. Preschoolers have some concept of death but often see it as temporary or reversible.
D. Preschool children perceive death as temporary. Preschool-aged children often view death as temporary, like sleeping, due to their limited understanding of its finality.
The nurse instructs a mother of a child who has seizures regarding seizure precautions. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?
Explanation
A. "I know that my child will need to have a companion when swimming." This is a correct precaution to prevent drowning in case of a seizure.
B. "I will make my child wear a medical identification bracelet." This is correct to alert others in case of an emergency.
C. "I will need to give antiseizure medications when my child has a seizure." Antiseizure medications are typically administered as a preventive measure, not during a seizure. Emergency medications (e.g., rectal diazepam) may be used for prolonged seizures but are not routine for every seizure.
D. "I will have my child wear a bike helmet when riding a bike or skateboard." This is correct to protect the child from head injuries during activities.
A nurse is reinforcing with a group of caregivers about the risk factors for seizures. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in her teaching? (Select 3 that apply)
Explanation
A. Febrile episode: Fever is a common trigger for febrile seizures in children, especially between 6 months and 5 years.
B. Low blood lead levels: Elevated, not low, blood lead levels can increase the risk of seizures due to neurotoxicity.
C. Sodium imbalance: Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia can cause seizures by disrupting neuronal function.
D. Presence of diphtheria: Diphtheria does not directly increase the risk of seizures. Neurological complications are rare and secondary.
E. Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels deprive the brain of energy, which can lead to seizures.
A nurse is collecting data from an 8-month-old infant who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Explanation
A. Insomnia: Infants with increased ICP are more likely to be lethargic than to have insomnia.
B. Positive Babinski reflex: A positive Babinski reflex is normal in infants under 2 years and does not indicate ICP.
C. Bulging fontanel: A bulging fontanel is a classic sign of increased ICP due to the accumulation of fluid or swelling inside the skull.
D. Low-pitched cry: Infants with ICP typically have a high-pitched cry, not a low-pitched one.
A nurse is attempting to obtain information from a child who is hearing impaired. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Explanation
A. Speak slowly while facing the child: Facing the child helps them see lip movements and facial expressions, which aids communication.
B. Talk directly into the child's impaired ear: Shouting or talking directly into the ear is unhelpful and can distort sound further.
C. Stand above the child's eye level when speaking: Standing above the child can make communication difficult. The nurse should be at eye level to establish effective communication.
D. Speak loudly to the child: Speaking loudly can distort sound and is not helpful for a hearing-impaired child.
A nurse is collecting data from a 4-month old infant who has meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Explanation
A. Depressed anterior fontanel: A depressed fontanel is typically associated with dehydration, not meningitis.
B. High-pitched cry: A high-pitched cry is a classic symptom of meningitis in infants, often associated with increased ICP.
C. Constipation: Meningitis is more likely to cause irritability and feeding difficulties than constipation.
D. Presence of the rooting reflex: The rooting reflex is normal in a 4-month-old and does not specifically indicate meningitis.
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