Review Practice Exercise

The Nursing Process In Pharmacology > Pharmacology

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Total Questions : 7

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Question 1:

A patient has a new prescription for a blood pressure medication that may cause him to feel dizzy during the first few days of therapy. Which is the best human needs statement for this situation?

A. Physical activity B. Physical safety C. Freedom pain D. Interchange of gases

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Physical activity – While dizziness could temporarily limit mobility, activity level is not the most urgent concern. Preventing falls takes priority before encouraging activity.

Choice B:

Physical safety – Best choice because dizziness elevates the risk of falls and related injuries. Ensuring safety by teaching the patient to rise slowly, use handrails, and avoid sudden position changes directly addresses the immediate danger.

Choice C:

Freedom from pain – The symptom described (dizziness) is not pain-related, so pain management is not the primary nursing focus in this scenario.

Choice D:

Interchange of gases – This relates to oxygen exchange and respiratory function, which are not affected by dizziness caused by antihypertensives.

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Question 2:

The nurse is compiling a drug history for a patient. Which questions from the nurse will obtain the most information from the patient? Select all that apply

A. “Do you use sleeping pills to get to sleep?” B. “Do you have a family history of heart disease?” C. “When you have pain, what do you do to relieve it?” D. “Did you have the mumps as a child?” E. “Tell me about what happened when you had the allergic reaction to penicillin.” F. “What herbal products or over-the-counter medications do you use?”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

“Do you use sleeping pills to get to sleep?” – This yes/no question limits the amount of information obtained. An open-ended question would encourage more detail about the type, frequency, and duration of use.

Choice B:

“Do you have a family history of heart disease?” – While important for overall health assessment, it does not provide direct information for the drug history.

Choice C:

“When you have pain, what do you do to relieve it?” – Best question because it is open-ended and invites the patient to describe all pain-relief measures, including prescription drugs, OTC medications, herbal remedies, and non-drug approaches.

Choice D:

“Did you have the mumps as a child?” – This is a past illness history question, not directly related to current or previous drug use.

Choice E:

“Tell me about what happened when you had the allergic reaction to penicillin.” – Best choice as it provides essential details about the type and severity of the reaction, helping prevent future adverse events.

Choice F:

“What herbal products or over-the-counter medications do you use?” – Best choice because many patients take these products without considering them “medications,” and they can cause significant drug interactions.

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Question 3:

A 77-year-old man who has been diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection tells the nurse that he is allergic to penicillin. Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A. “Many people are allergic to penicillin.” B. “This allergy is not of major concern because the drug is given so often.” C. “What type of reaction did you have when you took penicillin?” D. “Drug allergies don't usually occur in older individuals due to built-up resistance to allergic reactions.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

“Many people are allergic to penicillin.” – This statement is vague and does not assess the patient’s reaction. It fails to gather information needed to determine allergy type, which is essential for safe prescribing.

Choice B:

“This allergy is not of major concern because the drug is given so often.” – The frequency of prescribing does not diminish the risk of severe allergic responses. Minimizing a patient’s reported allergy can result in unsafe medication administration and potentially life-threatening events.

Choice C:

“What type of reaction did you have when you took penicillin?” – Best choice because it invites the patient to describe the exact reaction, helping the nurse assess whether it was a true allergic event (e.g., rash, anaphylaxis) or a side effect. This information prevents dangerous re-exposure to the drug or related agents.

Choice D:

“Drug allergies don't usually occur in older individuals due to built-up resistance to allergic reactions.” – This is inaccurate. Allergic responses can occur at any age, and prior exposure does not create resistance; in fact, repeated exposures may increase reaction risk.

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Question 4:

The nurse is preparing a care plan for a patient who has been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of these reflect the correct order of the steps of the nursing process?

A. Assessment, planning, human needs statement, implementation, evaluation B. Evaluation, assessment, human needs statement, planning, implementation C. Human needs statement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation D. Assessment, human needs statement, planning, implementation, evaluation

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Assessment, planning, human needs statement, implementation, evaluation – This sequence skips the essential step of formulating the human needs statement immediately after assessment, which helps guide planning.

Choice B:

Evaluation, assessment, human needs statement, planning, implementation – This order starts with evaluation before any data collection or planning, which is illogical in the care process.

Choice C:

Human needs statement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation – Creating the human needs statement before conducting a thorough assessment risks basing care on incomplete or inaccurate information.

Choice D:

Assessment, human needs statement, planning, implementation, evaluation – This is the correct sequence: Assessment: Collect subjective and objective data. Human needs statement: Identify patient needs based on assessment data. Planning: Establish goals and choose interventions. Implementation: Carry out interventions. Evaluation: Determine if goals were met and modify care as needed.

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Question 5:

The nurse is reviewing data collected from a medication history. Which of these data are considered objective data? Select all that apply

A. White blood cell count 22,000 mm3 B. Blood pressure 150/94 mm Hg C. Patient rates pain as an “8” on a 10-point scale D. Patient's wife reports that the patient has been very sleepy during the day E. Patient's weight is 68 kg

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

White blood cell count 22,000 mm³ – This value comes from a laboratory test, making it a quantifiable and verifiable result, which is a hallmark of objective data.

Choice B:

Blood pressure 150/94 mm Hg – This is obtained using a blood pressure device, providing a measurable and reproducible physiologic reading, which qualifies it as objective.

Choice C:

Patient rates pain as an “8” on a 10-point scale – Pain scores are self-reported perceptions, meaning they are based on the patient’s feelings rather than measurable facts, making them subjective.

Choice D:

Patient's wife reports that the patient has been very sleepy during the day – This is second-hand information and represents subjective data from another observer, not a direct measurable finding.

Choice E:

Patient's weight is 68 kg – Weight is directly measured using a scale, making it objective and verifiable.

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Question 6:

During a medication review session, a patient says, “I just do not know why I am taking all of these pills.” Based on this piece of subjective data, which diagnosis will the nurse identify?

A. Risk for injury B. Deficient knowledge C. Risk for aspiration D. Anxiety

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Risk for injury – This diagnosis applies when a patient is at potential harm due to environmental hazards, altered mobility, or side effects of medication. The patient’s statement does not directly indicate a hazard or unsafe condition.

Choice B:

Deficient knowledge – The patient’s comment reveals lack of understanding regarding the purpose of their medications, which is a knowledge deficit that may hinder compliance and therapeutic effectiveness.

Choice C:

Risk for aspiration – This is related to swallowing difficulties or impaired gag reflex, neither of which are indicated in the patient’s statement.

Choice D:

Anxiety – Although uncertainty can contribute to anxiety, the patient’s statement focuses on lack of information, not emotional distress or worry.

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Question 7:

The nurse is developing goals in collaboration with a patient. Which is the best goal statement?

A. The patient will self-administer albuterol by tomorrow. B. The patient will self-administer the prescribed dose of albuterol by the end of the second teaching session. C. The patient will independently self-administer the prescribed dose of albuterol by the end of the second teaching session. D. The patient will organize her medications by tomorrow.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The patient will self-administer albuterol by tomorrow.This goal lacks specificity about the correct dose and independence, making it less measurable and realistic.

Choice B:

The patient will self-administer the prescribed dose of albuterol by the end of the second teaching session. Although time-bound and measurable, it does not emphasize independence, which is crucial for evaluating self-management.

Choice C:

The patient will independently self-administer the prescribed dose of albuterol by the end of the second teaching session.This goal is specific (self-administer albuterol), measurable (independently by the end of the second session), achievable, and time-bound, aligning with SMART criteria and promoting patient autonomy.

Choice D:

The patient will organize her medications by tomorrow.This goal addresses medication management, not the specific skill of self-administering albuterol, so it is not relevant to the immediate learning objective.

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