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Cough suppressants are not recommended in young children due to lack of proven benefit and potential adverse effects.

Expectorants are not effective in children and may cause gastrointestinal side effects.

Cold and flu medications are contraindicated in children under 6 years; associated with risk of overdose, toxicity, and minimal therapeutic value.

Over the counter (OTC) cough suppressants such as Robitussin are not recommended for infants; they can cause side effects and do not improve outcomes.

Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infections because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome, which can be life-threatening.

Cold medicines are not safe for infants. They can cause serious adverse effects and are not effective in this age group.

Chest physiotherapy and postural drainage is not indicated for a simple URI; it is used for conditions like cystic fibrosis or bronchiolitis with retained lower airway secretions.

Elevating the head may help breathing but does not address nasal congestion directly, so it is not the most effective initial step before feeding.

Give an antitussive is not recommended for infants. Cough medicines are ineffective and unsafe in young children.

Reinfection is common because immunity is not long-lasting; children can get strep throat multiple times.

Follow-up throat culture is not routinely recommended after treatment unless the child remains symptomatic, is at high risk, or has a history of rheumatic fever.

Increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis is incorrect. GABHS does not cause rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition unrelated to strep infection.

Once the child starts the medication, he will no longer be contagious: This statement is incorrect. The child remains contagious until at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics.

The child’s fever may persist until all the medicine is taken: This statement is incorrect. Fever typically resolves within 24–48 hours of starting treatment, not after the full 10-day course.

If given with food, the medicine will be ineffective: This statement is incorrect. Penicillin V can be taken with or without food; food may actually help reduce stomach upset.

Hemophilus influenzae is more commonly associated with otitis media, sinusitis, or epiglottitis, not simple pharyngitis. Throat colonization does not require treatment unless clinically indicated.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a normal colonizer of the nasopharynx. Treatment is not indicated unless the child has pneumonia, otitis media, or sinusitis.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae typically causes atypical pneumonia in older children/adolescents, not isolated pharyngitis. Antibiotics would not be prescribed for a throat culture finding alone.

Avoiding dairy products is a myth, not evidence-based. Dairy may thicken secretions slightly but does not worsen influenza or spread disease.

Avoiding the sun is not relevant to influenza management. Sun exposure does not worsen the illness.

While rest is important, light movement is not contraindicated. Exercise is limited naturally by fatigue, but it does not worsen the disease.

Semi-Fowler with the head turned to the side is not the standard immediate postop position; while elevating the head can help with comfort later, side-lying is safer initially.

High Fowler, head slightly forward and to the side is not recommended for immediate postop because it may cause flexion and compromise the airway.

Supine positioning increases the risk of aspiration if bleeding or secretions occur.

Imbalanced nutrition is not priority preoperatively; nutrition concerns may arise after surgery when throat pain limits intake.

Pain related to surgery is anticipated, but not yet present before the procedure.

Ineffective airway clearance is a postoperative risk, not a preoperative problem.

Sore throat and difficulty swallowing is expected postoperative findings due to surgical site trauma; not a complication.

Secretions and dried blood at the corners of the mouth is normal after surgery. It indicates minor oozing during or after the procedure.

Some secretions, particularly dried blood from surgery, are common. Dark brown (old) blood is usually present in the emesis, as well as in the nose and between the teeth. The priority is catching early bleeding signs such as excessive swallowing.

Red or brown fluids should be avoided because they may mask signs of bleeding if vomiting occurs.

Colored citrus drinks are acidic and irritating to the surgical site; can increase pain and discomfort.

Dairy products such as ice cream may coat the throat and increase mucus production, leading to coughing and possible disruption of the surgical site.

Return to work after another day of rest is too soon. Clients with influenza should remain home until at least 24 hours after the fever resolves without antipyretics, to prevent spreading infection.

Use over-the-counter antihistamines may reduce nasal symptoms but are not first-line advice. Hydration and rest are more important.

The flu vaccine is preventive, not therapeutic. It cannot help once the infection is present.