Choice A reason: Limiting coffee reduces acid stimulation, but it’s not the primary GERD strategy. Elevating the bed prevents reflux via gravity, making this a secondary suggestion compared to positional therapy.

Choice B reason: Elevating the bed head keeps acid in the stomach during sleep, reducing esophageal irritation. This evidence-based intervention is a key GERD management technique for symptom relief.

Choice C reason: Large meals increase gastric pressure, exacerbating reflux in GERD. Smaller, frequent meals are advised instead, so this contradicts best practice, worsening the condition rather than helping.

Choice D reason: Lying down after eating promotes acid reflux into the esophagus, worsening GERD. Upright positioning post-meal is preferred, making this an incorrect and harmful recommendation.

Choice A reason: Puffed rice cereal lacks significant fiber, offering minimal bulk to stimulate peristalsis. It’s a poor choice for constipation relief, as it doesn’t soften stool or aid movement.

Choice B reason: Tomato juice provides hydration and some nutrients, but its low fiber content doesn’t effectively combat constipation. High-fiber foods are needed to increase stool bulk instead.

Choice C reason: Bran muffins are high in insoluble fiber, adding bulk and water to stool, promoting bowel movements. This choice reflects understanding of constipation management through diet.

Choice D reason: Cottage cheese is low in fiber, offering protein but no relief for constipation. It doesn’t enhance intestinal motility or stool consistency, making it an ineffective option.

Choice A reason: Cantaloupe is potassium-rich, about 400 mg per cup, due to its fruit sugar content. It’s unsuitable for low-potassium diets, as it elevates serum levels significantly.

Choice B reason: Orange juice contains around 500 mg potassium per cup, a high amount. Its citric nature doesn’t offset this, making it inappropriate for potassium restriction.

Choice C reason: Sweet potato has over 500 mg potassium per serving, concentrated in its starchy flesh. It’s a poor choice for minimizing potassium in electrolyte imbalances.

Choice D reason: Baked chicken breast offers less than 300 mg potassium per serving, far lower than fruits or tubers. It’s the best option for a low-potassium diet here.

Choice A reason: Wiping yellow crusts disrupts healing; they’re normal post-Plastibell exudate. This shows misunderstanding, as crusts should remain until the ring detaches naturally.

Choice B reason: Snug diapers risk ring displacement or irritation in Plastibell care. Loose fitting is advised, so this indicates a lack of proper technique understanding.

Choice C reason: Applying pressure with gauze controls minor bleeding, a correct response in Plastibell care. It shows understanding of managing complications until medical help is sought.

Choice D reason: Antibiotic ointment isn’t routine for Plastibell; petroleum jelly is used instead. This reflects incorrect care knowledge, potentially causing irritation or infection.

Choice A reason: Autonomy empowers client decision-making, not truth-telling directly. The nurse’s honesty supports it indirectly, but the act itself aligns more with ethical transparency principles.

Choice B reason: Justice ensures fair treatment, unrelated to disclosing medication effects. Truthful communication addresses individual care, not equitable resource distribution in this scenario.

Choice C reason: Veracity is truthfulness, exemplified by explaining adverse effects accurately. This builds trust and informed consent, a core ethical duty in mental health nursing.

Choice D reason: Beneficence promotes well-being, but truth-telling isn’t inherently beneficent. It’s about honesty, not just benefit, aligning with veracity over doing good in this context.

Choice A reason: Explaining pros and cons informs but may pressure the client. Supporting autonomy respects their choice, aligning with lung cancer end-of-life preferences better.

Choice B reason: Supporting the client’s DNR decision upholds autonomy and aids communication. In lung cancer, respecting end-of-life wishes is critical, making this the best response.

Choice C reason: Involving a social worker delegates support, not directly honoring the client’s wish. Nurses should first affirm autonomy in such terminal cancer scenarios.

Choice D reason: Suggesting family discussion undermines autonomy, adding burden. The client’s decision in advanced cancer should be respected without implying external validation needs.

Choice A reason: Budesonide prevents, not rescues, asthma attacks; rescue inhalers like albuterol are used instead. This shows misunderstanding of its controller role in management.

Choice B reason: Rinsing after budesonide, a corticosteroid, prevents oral thrush by removing residue. This reflects correct understanding of side effect prevention in asthma therapy.

Choice C reason: Timing budesonide to meals and bedtime isn’t standard; it’s typically twice daily. This indicates confusion about its preventive, not situational, use.

Choice D reason: Pre-exercise use fits rescue inhalers, not budesonide, which builds long-term control. This misapplies its purpose, showing a lack of asthma management grasp.

Choice A reason: Sitting positions the belt restraint safely at the waist, minimizing injury risk. It allows breathing and circulation, critical when managing aggression safely.

Choice B reason: Tying to bed rails restricts mobility excessively, risking injury if the bed moves. Proper restraint secures to a fixed frame, not rails.

Choice C reason: Chest placement impairs breathing, a dangerous error in restraint use. Belt restraints belong at the waist to avoid respiratory compromise.

Choice D reason: Under-clothing application risks skin abrasion and monitoring issues. Restraints over clothes ensure visibility and safety, per standard aggression protocols.

Choice A reason: Antibiotics treat bacteria, not herpes, a viral infection. This is ineffective and risks resistance, making it an inappropriate intervention for simplex outbreaks.

Choice B reason: Povidone-iodine is harsh, delaying herpes healing by irritating lesions. Antivirals and gentle care are preferred, so this isn’t recommended for skin eruptions.

Choice C reason: OTC ointments can worsen herpes or delay healing without antiviral properties. Avoiding them ensures proper treatment, aligning with outbreak management guidelines.

Choice D reason: Disposable thermometers prevent cross-infection but don’t treat herpes directly. This is a general precaution, not a specific intervention for outbreak care.

Choice A reason: A chaplain offers spiritual support, but it’s not the nurse’s primary role. Autonomy in end-stage kidney disease takes precedence over initiating such visits.

Choice B reason: Alternatives don’t apply post-decision in end-stage disease; dialysis cessation reflects prognosis acceptance. Discussing them now dismisses the client’s informed choice.

Choice C reason: Supporting the decision respects autonomy in end-stage kidney disease. It aligns with palliative care, honoring the client’s right to refuse treatment.

Choice D reason: Suggesting family discussion undermines autonomy, adding pressure. In terminal illness, the client’s choice to stop dialysis should be respected directly.