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Calcium: Important for bones and muscle function, but not directly involved in thyroid hormone production.

Sodium: Maintains fluid balance and nerve function but is not essential for thyroid hormone synthesis.

Bromine: Has no known essential role in human nutrition or thyroid function.

Potassium: Important in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction, not thyroid function.

Stimulates the formation of white blood cells: This is associated with bone marrow and not parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Increases the level of sodium ions in the blood: Aldosterone regulates sodium levels, not PTH.

Increases the level of potassium ions in the blood: This is also regulated by aldosterone and the kidneys, not PTH.

Increases the level of glucose in the blood: Glucagon and cortisol are more directly involved in increasing blood glucose.

Decreased evidence of endocytosis: Endocytosis increases in hyperthyroidism as T3/T4 are actively removed from colloid.

Decreased evidence of lysosomal activity: Lysosomal activity increases to process thyroglobulin into active hormones.

A decrease in the size of the follicular cells: Follicular cells become taller (columnar) and more active, not smaller.

Decreased number of reabsorption lacunae: These increase in number as colloid is actively resorbed.

Absorb iron across intestinal cells: DMT1 (divalent metal transporter 1) and ferroportin are more directly involved in this.

Oxidize iron in the peroxisomes: Iron oxidation is not a function of peroxisomes, nor of ferritin.

Transport iron in the blood: Transferrin, not ferritin, is responsible for iron transport in plasma.

TRH → production of T3 and T4 → TSH: Incorrect order; TSH stimulates T3/T4 production, not the other way around.

TSH → production of T3 and T4 → TRH: Incorrect; this reverses the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis.

TSH → TRH → production of T3 and T4: Incorrect sequence; the hypothalamus releases TRH before the pituitary releases TSH.

Neural: Neural stimulation involves direct innervation (e.g., adrenal medulla stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system), which does not apply here.

Negative Feedback: This refers to a regulatory mechanism, not the initial cause of estrogen secretion. Estrogen can negatively feedback on GnRH, but that’s not the mechanism being asked.

Humoral: Humoral stimuli refer to changes in blood levels of ions or nutrients (e.g., calcium regulating PTH), not hormones.

anti-A alone would be found in type B individuals

anti-B alone would be found in type A individuals

No enough information: There is enough information - blood type determines the antibodies present

Colloid is a gel-like substance found within the follicles of the thyroid gland. It plays a critical role in the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones.

Colloid is a gel-like substance found within the follicles of the thyroid gland. It plays a critical role in the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones.

Colloid is a gel-like substance found within the follicles of the thyroid gland. It plays a critical role in the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones.

Colloid is a gel-like substance found within the follicles of the thyroid gland. It plays a critical role in the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones.

human growth hormone (hGH): Stimulates growth of tissues and bones but does not directly stimulate erythropoiesis.

calcitonin (CT): Regulates calcium levels; no role in red blood cell production.

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Involved in reproductive processes, not blood cell formation.

Thalamus: Relay center for sensory signals, not involved in hormone secretion.

Basal ganglia: Involved in motor control, not endocrine regulation.

Spinal cord: Transmits nerve signals; no role in endocrine control of the pituitary.

Hippocampus: A crucial brain structure involved in memory formation, spatial navigation, and emotional regulation.