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Unhealthy diet is incorrect because dietary habits are modifiable behaviors. A person can change their eating patterns to reduce risk for chronic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Modifying diet is an example of primary prevention, as it helps reduce the likelihood of disease development.

Sunbathing is incorrect because exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a modifiable behavior. Individuals can reduce their risk of skin cancer by limiting sun exposure, using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds. Unlike genetic factors, behavior-based risks can be actively changed.

Smoking is incorrect because smoking is a modifiable lifestyle choice. Quitting smoking significantly lowers the risk of developing lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Smoking cessation is a cornerstone of primary prevention strategies.

The goal of palliative care is to prolong the life of a client is incorrect because the primary goal of palliative care is to improve quality of life and alleviate suffering, not necessarily to extend life. While it can be provided alongside curative treatments, life prolongation is not the central objective.

Palliative care should be avoided for a client who is receiving a curative treatment is incorrect because palliative care can be provided concurrently with curative or life-prolonging treatments. It focuses on symptom management, psychosocial support, and quality of life regardless of the stage of illness.

Palliative care is limited to clients who are in a health care facility is incorrect because palliative care can be provided in various settings, including hospitals, outpatient clinics, hospice programs, and patients’ homes. The focus is on patient-centered care, not the location of service.

Admitting a client who has chronic renal failure and is scheduled for peritoneal dialysis is incorrect because initial admission assessments are considered complex and require RN judgment. LPNs typically assist with data collection but do not perform comprehensive assessments or make initial care plans for high-risk clients.

Monitoring a client who reports chest pain and whose laboratory findings for cardiac enzymes are pending is incorrect because chest pain is a high-acuity symptom requiring immediate RN assessment and clinical judgment. LPNs are not responsible for independently monitoring unstable clients or interpreting pending diagnostic results for acute care decisions.

Assisting the provider with the insertion of a chest tube for a client who has a pleural effusion is incorrect because procedures requiring sterile technique and independent judgment (like chest tube insertion) are within the RN’s scope or provider-directed practice. LPNs may assist with basic support tasks but do not perform or independently assist with high-risk invasive procedures.

Moist mucous membranes is incorrect because at the end of life, clients often experience reduced oral intake and dehydration due to diminished thirst, fatigue, or dysphagia. This typically results in dry, cracked, or sticky mucous membranes, not moist ones. Nurses should implement comfort measures such as frequent oral care, ice chips if tolerated, or moist swabs.

Increased bowel sounds is incorrect because gastrointestinal activity decreases as the body begins to shut down. Peristalsis slows, leading to constipation, abdominal distention, or absent bowel sounds, particularly in the final days or hours. Hyperactive bowel sounds are uncommon in this stage.

Hypertension is incorrect because the cardiovascular system gradually fails near the end of life. Clients often exhibit hypotension, weak or thready pulses, and tachycardia initially, progressing to bradycardia and further decreased perfusion as death approaches.

Postmortem care is incorrect because it involves care of the client’s body after death, including bathing, dressing, and preparing the body for viewing or transfer to a mortuary. While it is a critical nursing responsibility, it does not provide ongoing support to the caregiver during the patient’s life.

Home care is incorrect because its primary focus is delivering medical and nursing services to the patient in their home, such as medication management, wound care, and monitoring chronic conditions. Although home care may provide some education or guidance to caregivers, it is not specifically structured to relieve caregiver burden in the way respite care is.

Restorative care is incorrect because this type of care aims to help patients regain or maintain functional abilities after illness, injury, or surgery, such as through physical therapy, occupational therapy, or mobility training. Its focus is on the patient’s recovery and independence, rather than providing structured support to caregivers.

This response minimizes the client’s current feelings and redirects them without first acknowledging or validating the emotion. While support groups are helpful, immediately suggesting them may make the client feel dismissed or unheard.

This response shifts focus to others rather than addressing the client’s personal feelings. At this stage of grief, the client needs validation and emotional support, not comparison with family members.

This response is non-therapeutic because it shifts the focus to the nurse’s personal experience rather than the client’s feelings. It can unintentionally minimize the client’s unique grief and may make the client feel that their emotions are less important.

The right to access medical records allows clients to review their personal health information and request amendments. While important for informed decision-making, this right does not directly relate to refusing treatment. Exercising the right to access records is a different facet of client empowerment and does not demonstrate autonomy in treatment decisions by itself.

Justice in healthcare refers to fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources, including access to treatment, care, and protections. While ethically important, this principle addresses societal-level fairness, not an individual client’s right to accept or refuse interventions. The client’s decision to decline intubation is about personal choice, not equitable resource allocation.

Confidentiality involves protecting the client’s private health information from unauthorized disclosure. While essential for trust and ethical care, it does not involve making choices about medical treatments. Maintaining confidentiality is a separate duty that supports ethical practice but is unrelated to exercising autonomy regarding treatment refusal.

Hospice care is not limited to hospitals or inpatient facilities. It can be provided in various settings, including the client’s home, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, or inpatient hospice units. The primary focus is comfort and quality of life, regardless of the location. Limiting hospice to a facility is incorrect and does not reflect its flexibility or patient-centered approach.

Hospice care can be discontinued if a client’s condition improves or if they choose to pursue curative treatment or more aggressive interventions. Clients and families retain the right to withdraw from hospice at any time, making this statement inaccurate. Hospice is voluntary and flexible, and care plans are tailored to the client’s current needs and preferences.

The goal of hospice is not to prolong life, but to enhance quality of life, manage symptoms, and provide comfort and support. Life prolongation may occur incidentally in some cases, but it is not the primary objective. Hospice philosophy emphasizes dying with dignity, rather than focusing on curative treatments or extending life at all costs.

This statement reflects validation of feelings and connection with others who share grief, which is an early step in bereavement support. While it demonstrates acknowledgment of grief, it does not indicate progress toward coping or moving forward, which is a key outcome of therapy.

This statement shows continued rumination and possible guilt, common in early grief. It reflects unresolved emotional distress rather than demonstrating therapeutic progress or adaptation to the loss.

This statement reflects persistent distress and preoccupation with the traumatic aspects of the loss, indicating the client is struggling with grief processing. It shows that therapy outcomes have not yet been met, as the client is stuck in acute grief without evidence of adaptation or coping strategies.