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Total Questions : 37

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Question 1:

A nurse is meeting with a 25-year-old client who has a BMI of 30 and type 2 diabetes mellitus to discuss possible treatment options, including bariatric surgery. Based on the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) guidelines, which of the following statements by the nurse is accurate?

A. “You must try medication and diet changes for at least two years before surgery is considered.” B. “You may be a candidate for bariatric surgery because of your BMI and type 2 diabetes.” C. “Bariatric surgery is only recommended for individuals with a BMI of 40 or higher.” D. “Bariatric surgery is not appropriate for people under the age of 30.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

"You must try medication and diet changes for at least two years before surgery is considered.”The OMA and ASMBS guidelines recommend considering bariatric surgery in patients with a BMI ≥30 with comorbidities like type 2 diabetes when lifestyle and medical therapies are insufficient. There is no strict 2-year requirement.

Choice B:

"You may be a candidate for bariatric surgery because of your BMI and type 2 diabetes."The OMA supports considering bariatric surgery for individuals with a BMI ≥30 who also have comorbidities like type 2 diabetes, especially if other treatments have failed.

Choice C:

"Bariatric surgery is only recommended for individuals with a BMI of 40 or higher."Surgery is also considered for patients with a BMI ≥35 with comorbidities, and in some cases, ≥30 with significant health issues like diabetes.

Choice D:

"Bariatric surgery is not appropriate for people under the age of 30."Age alone is not a disqualifier for bariatric surgery. Candidates are evaluated on BMI, comorbidities, and failure of other treatments.

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Question 2:

A nurse is teaching a patient about incorporating more antioxidants into their diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as a rich source of antioxidants?

A. Blueberries B. White bread C. Whole milk D. Ground beef

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

BlueberriesBlueberries are rich in antioxidants, particularly flavonoids, which help protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation.

Choice B:

White breadWhite bread is highly processed and contains few antioxidants.

Choice C:

Whole milkWhile milk has nutritional value, it is not considered a rich source of antioxidants.

Choice D:

Ground beefGround beef is a protein source but lacks significant antioxidant content.

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Question 3:

Which of the following would be counted as part of the protein group on "MyPlate"? (Select all that apply)

A. Oatmeal B. Rice C. Beans D. Goat E. Salmon

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

OatmealOatmeal is a whole grain and falls under the grain group, not the protein group.

Choice B:

RiceRice is a grain and does not count toward the protein group.

Choice C:

BeansBeans are both a vegetable and a plant-based protein source and are included in the protein group.

Choice D:

GoatGoat is a meat and is part of the protein group.

Choice E:

SalmonSalmon is a fish and an excellent source of lean protein, making it part of the protein group.

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Question 4:

Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables as part of an overall healthy diet may protect against which of the following?

A. Sickle cell anemia B. Chronic lung disease C. Colon cancer D. Hyperthyroidism

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Sickle cell anemiaSickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder and not influenced by diet.

Choice B:

Chronic lung diseaseWhile nutrition may support lung function, chronic lung disease is usually linked to smoking, pollution, or genetic causes.

Choice C:

Colon cancerA diet high in fruits and vegetables, which are rich in fiber and antioxidants, has been shown to reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Choice D:

HyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism is typically due to autoimmune causes like Graves' disease and is not preventable through diet alone.

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Question 5:

Which of the following diseases/conditions, are mostly caused by unhealthy eating behaviors? (Select all that apply)

A. Heart disease B. Cancer C. Pneumonia D. Chronic lung disease E. Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Heart diseaseUnhealthy diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sodium contribute significantly to cardiovascular disease.

Choice B:

CancerPoor dietary habits can increase the risk of certain cancers, especially colorectal, stomach, and esophageal cancers.

Choice C:

PneumoniaPneumonia is typically caused by infectious agents (bacteria, viruses) and not directly related to diet.

Choice D:

Chronic lung diseaseThis condition is mainly associated with environmental factors and smoking, not poor diet.

Choice E:

Diabetes Mellitus Type IIType 2 diabetes is strongly linked to obesity and diets high in sugars and refined carbohydrates.

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Question 6:

Which of the following are considered "Power Foods", those foods that are especially good to eat to keep healthy? (Select all that apply)

A. Red/blue berries B. Olive oil C. Eggs D. Pork E. Cocoa and dark chocolate

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Red/blue berriesBerries like blueberries and strawberries are high in antioxidants, fiber, and vitamins, helping reduce inflammation and support heart and brain health.

Choice B:

Olive oilExtra virgin olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, promoting cardiovascular health and reducing inflammation.

Choice C:

EggsEggs are nutrient-dense, containing high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals like choline, which is important for brain health.

Choice D:

PorkWhile lean pork can be part of a healthy diet, it is not typically classified as a "power food" due to its saturated fat content when not trimmed properly.

Choice E:

Cocoa and dark chocolateDark chocolate (with high cocoa content) contains flavonoids and antioxidants that support heart health when consumed in moderation.

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Question 7:

Vitamins and minerals are classified as which of the following?

A. Micronutrients B. Carbohydrates C. Macronutrients D. Non essential

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

MicronutrientsVitamins and minerals are needed in small amounts and are classified as micronutrients, essential for various body functions.

Choice B:

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a type of macronutrient that provide energy, not micronutrients.

Choice C:

MacronutrientsMacronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—nutrients needed in large amounts, unlike vitamins and minerals.

Choice D:

Non-essentialVitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that the body cannot produce in sufficient quantities on its own.

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Question 8:

About how much of the plate should be fruits and vegetables, according to MyPlate?

A. 1/2 B. 1/4 C. 3/4 D. The whole plate

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

1/2According to the USDA MyPlate model, fruits and vegetables should fill half of the plate to encourage consumption of fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

Choice B:

1/4This amount is generally reserved for grains or proteins, not fruits and vegetables.

Choice C:

3/4This exceeds MyPlate’s recommendations and may not allow balance with other food groups like protein and grains.

Choice D:

The whole plateMyPlate recommends balance among fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy.

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Question 9:

While participating in a community health fair, a nurse is asked to explain the concept of health promotion. Which of the following best defines health promotion?

A. Educating individuals on healthy lifestyle choices to enhance overall well-being B. Encouraging adherence to prescribed medications to manage existing conditions C. Providing treatment to individuals with chronic diseases to prevent complications D. Diagnosing health conditions early through routine screening

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Educating individuals on healthy lifestyle choices to enhance overall well-beingHealth promotion focuses on improving overall well-being through lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and avoiding harmful habits.

Choice B:

Encouraging adherence to prescribed medications to manage existing conditionsThis is considered disease management, not health promotion.

Choice C:

Providing treatment to individuals with chronic diseases to prevent complicationsThis describes tertiary prevention, not health promotion.

Choice D:

Diagnosing health conditions early through routine screeningThis defines secondary prevention, not the broader goal of promoting health and well-being.

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Question 10:

When blood sugar decreases, the glycogen in the liver is converted into which substance?

A. Glucagon B. Protein C. Glucose D. ATP

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

GlucagonGlucagon triggers the conversion of glycogen to glucose, but it is not the final product.

Choice B:

ProteinGlycogen is a stored form of carbohydrate, not protein. The body does not convert glycogen into protein.

Choice C:

GlucoseWhen blood sugar levels fall, glycogen in the liver is broken down into glucose to restore normal blood sugar levels.

Choice D:

ATPATP is the energy currency of cells, which results from cellular respiration, not directly from glycogen breakdown.

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