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A client who had pain without relief is more likely to have increased anxiety and a heightened pain response due to negative past experiences.

Chronic pain often leads to increased sensitivity and emotional distress over time, not necessarily decreased anxiety.

Multiple pain experiences do not guarantee decreased anxiety; if those experiences were negative or poorly managed, the client might actually have increased anxiety and sensitivity to pain.

Battery involves intentional physical harm or offensive contact, which is not applicable here as the nurse did not assist but did not intentionally harm the client.

Fraud involves deception for personal gain, which is not relevant in this situation.

Assault is an intentional act causing fear of harmful or offensive contact, which did not occur here.

Notifying the provider only after surgery misses the opportunity to clarify and honor the client’s wishes beforehand.

Administering preoperative medications without addressing the client’s wishes could lead to ethical and legal issues.

Verbally reporting to the OR supervisor is important but insufficient without proper documentation and discussion with the healthcare team and client.

Oral hygiene should not be avoided; in fact, it helps reduce nausea and discomfort by maintaining oral freshness.

Providing clear liquids may be appropriate once nausea decreases, but offering fluids too soon can worsen nausea. Using a straw is not specifically indicated.

Holding all medications is not appropriate unless the nausea is severe or the medications cause nausea; the nurse should evaluate and administer antiemetics if ordered.

Religious influences can shape beliefs about death and afterlife, but may not directly determine how grief is expressed.

Socioeconomic factors can affect access to support and resources but are less directly tied to the expression of grief.

Cause of death can influence the intensity or duration of grief but is less likely than culture to shape how grief is outwardly expressed.

The defendant is the person being sued—in this case, the nurse.

A litigator is a lawyer who handles lawsuits, not the person bringing the suit.

A witness is someone who provides testimony or evidence but is not a party to the lawsuit.

Personal beliefs and values do affect how nurses provide care and must be acknowledged to provide culturally competent care.

Forcing treatments that conflict with a client’s values violates client autonomy and cultural respect.

Folk healers should be understood as part of a client’s cultural practice, not viewed as deterrents; respecting these practices supports holistic care.

Private law deals with disputes between private individuals or organizations, such as contracts or family law.

Public law governs relationships between individuals and the government but is a broader category that includes criminal law.

Civil law involves noncriminal disputes, such as negligence or malpractice cases.

With regional anesthesia, the client is awake and aware of the procedure but does have sensation blocked.

Regional anesthesia does not put the client to sleep; feeling pain during the procedure indicates inadequate anesthesia.

Being asleep and unaware describes general anesthesia, not regional anesthesia.

Sedating clients with tranquilizers can increase fall risk due to dizziness and impaired cognition.

Allowing a client to use the bathroom independently without assessment may increase fall risk if the client requires assistance.

Maintaining a high bed position is unsafe and increases fall risk; beds should be kept in the lowest position to prevent injury from falls.