Review Hepatitis B Vaccine

Immediate Newborn Care > Maternal & Newborn

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Hepatitis B Vaccine

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Total Questions : 4

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Question 1:

A nurse is preparing to administer hepatitis B vaccine to a newborn.

Which syringe, needle, and injection site should the nurse use?

A. 0.5 ml syringe, 23-gauge needle, anterolateral aspect of upper thigh B. 1 ml syringe, 25-gauge needle, vastus lateralis muscle C. 0.5 ml syringe, 25-gauge needle, deltoid muscle D. 1 ml syringe, 23-gauge needle, ventrogluteal muscle.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The anterolateral aspect of upper thigh is not a recommended site for intramuscular injections in infants.

Choice B:

The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants, and a 25-gauge needle is appropriate for the viscosity of the hepatitis B vaccine.A 1 ml syringe can deliver the required dose of 0.5 ml for newborns.

Choice C:

The deltoid muscle is not well developed in infants and may not have enough muscle mass to absorb the vaccine.

Choice D:

The ventrogluteal muscle is not a recommended site for intramuscular injections in infants, and a 23-gauge needle may cause more pain and tissue damage than a 25-gauge needle.

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Question 2:

A client who is pregnant asks the nurse if she needs to get vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV).

What is the best response by the nurse?

A. “Yes, you need to get vaccinated because HBV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery.” B. “No, you don’t need to get vaccinated because HBV is not a serious disease and does not affect the liver.” C. “Yes, you need to get vaccinated because HBV can cause chronic liver disease or cancer in later life.” D. “No, you don’t need to get vaccinated because HBV is only spread through contact with infected blood or body fluids.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This statement is correct because HBV is a blood-borne virus that can infect the fetus through the placenta or during birth.Vaccination can prevent HBV infection and its complications, such as chronic liver disease or cancer.

Choice B:

HBV is a serious disease that affects the liver and can cause inflammation, scarring, cirrhosis, or failure.

Choice C:

Although HBV can cause chronic liver disease or cancer in later life, this is not the main reason for vaccination during pregnancy.The main reason is to prevent transmission to the baby.

Choice D:

HBV is not only spread through contact with infected blood or body fluids, but also through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child.

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Question 3:

A nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule for hepatitis B vaccine with a parent of a 2-month-old infant.

The nurse informs the parent that the infant should receive the second dose of the vaccine at what age?

A. 1 month B. 2 months C. 4 months D. 6 months.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

1 month is too early for the second dose.The minimum interval between the first and second doses is 4 weeks.

Choice B:

2 months is also too early for the second dose.The minimum interval between the first and second doses is 4 weeks, and the second dose should be given at least 8 weeks after the first dose.

Choice C:

The infant should receive the second dose of the hepatitis B vaccine at 4 months of age.This is based on the recommended 3-dose vaccine series for infants, which includes a birth dose, a second dose at 1 month, and a third dose at 6 months.The 4-dose combination vaccine series, which includes a pentavalent or hexavalent vaccine, also requires a birth dose, followed by doses at 6 weeks, 4 months, and 6 months.

Choice D:

6 months is too late for the second dose.The second dose should be given at least 8 weeks after the first dose, and the third dose should be given at least 8 weeks after the second dose and at least 16 weeks after the first dose.

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Question 4:

A client who has been exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) asks the nurse what he can do to prevent infection.

The nurse explains that the client can receive which of the following interventions? (Select all that apply)

A. Hepatitis B vaccine B. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) C. Antiviral medication D. Antibiotics E. Blood transfusion

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) are the recommended interventions for a person who has been exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) through a distinct, identifiable exposure to blood or body fluids that contain blood. Hepatitis B vaccine provides active immunity by stimulating the production of antibodies against HBV, while HBIG provides passive immunity by giving temporary antibodies from another source.

Choice B:

Choice C:

Antiviral medication is not indicated for postexposure prophylaxis of HBV, but rather for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.

Choice D:

Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections such as HBV.

Choice E:

Blood transfusion is not a preventive measure for HBV infection, but rather a potential source of exposure to HBV and other bloodborne pathogens.

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Hepatitis B Vaccine

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