Review Introduction

Perioperative Nursing > Medical Surgical

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

A nurse is reviewing the types of surgery with a group of nursing students. The nurse explains that a surgical procedure that is done to restore function to a body part is called:

A. Ablative. B. Diagnostic. C. Palliative. D. Reconstructive.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Ablative surgery is a type of surgery that removes a diseased or abnormal body part, such as a tumor, an appendix, or a tonsil. It does not restore function to a body part, but rather eliminates the source of a problem.

Choice B:

Diagnostic surgery is a type of surgery that is done to confirm or rule out a diagnosis, such as a biopsy, an endoscopy, or a laparoscopy. It does not restore function to a body part, but rather provides information for further treatment.

Choice C:

Palliative surgery is a type of surgery that is done to relieve symptoms or improve quality of life, such as a colostomy, a shunt, or a nerve block. It does not restore function to a body part, but rather reduces pain or discomfort.

Choice D:

Reconstructive surgery is a type of surgery that is done to restore function to a body part that has been damaged by trauma, disease, or congenital defect, such as a skin graft, a breast reconstruction, or a cleft lip repair. This is the correct answer because it matches the definition given by the nurse.

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Question 2:

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for an elective surgery to remove rectal polyps. The nurse knows that this type of surgery is classified by degree of urgency as:

A. Emergency. B. Urgent. C. Elective. D. Optional. E. Routine.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Emergency surgery is not the correct answer because this type of surgery is done for an urgent medical condition that may be life threatening, such as acute appendicitis or trauma. Rectal polyps are not an immediate threat to life, limb or organ survival.

Choice B:

Urgent surgery is not the correct answer because this type of surgery is done for a condition that requires intervention within hours of decision to operate, such as debridement of fracture or laparotomy for perforation. Rectal polyps do not require such a rapid intervention.

Choice C:

Elective surgery is the correct answer because this type of surgery is planned or booked in advance of routine admission to hospital. It may be done for a better quality of life or for a serious condition such as cancer, but not for a life-threatening condition. Rectal polyps fall under this category as they can be scheduled in advance and may be precancerous or cancerous.

Choice D:

Optional surgery is not the correct answer because this term is not commonly used to classify surgery by degree of urgency. It may imply that the surgery is not medically necessary, but rather a personal preference, such as cosmetic surgery. Rectal polyps are not optional as they may cause symptoms or complications if left untreated.

Choice E:

Routine surgery is not the correct answer because this term is also not commonly used to classify surgery by degree of urgency. It may imply that the surgery is done frequently or regularly, such as cataract surgery or tonsillectomy. Rectal polyps are not routine as they vary in size, number and location.

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Question 3:

A nurse is preparing a client for surgery and provides education and support. The client asks the nurse what phase of perioperative nursing this is. The nurse responds:

A. "This is the preoperative phase, where we assess your health status, identify potential risks, and plan for your care before surgery.” B. "This is the intraoperative phase, where we monitor your vital signs, administer medications, and assist the surgical team during surgery.” C. "This is the postoperative phase, where we evaluate your recovery, manage your pain, and prevent complications after surgery.” D. "This is the perioperative phase, where we coordinate all aspects of your care throughout the surgical process.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is the correct answer because the preoperative phase is the period when the nurse prepares the client for surgery and provides education and support. The preoperative phase begins with the decision to have surgery and ends when the client is transferred to the operating room. The nurse assesses the client's health status, identifies potential risks, and plans for the care before surgery.

Choice B:

This is incorrect because the intraoperative phase is the period when the nurse monitors the client's vital signs, administers medications, and assists the surgical team during surgery. The intraoperative phase begins when the client is transferred to the operating room and ends when the client is transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

Choice C:

This is incorrect because the postoperative phase is the period when the nurse evaluates the client's recovery, manages the pain, and prevents complications after surgery. The postoperative phase begins when the client is transferred to the PACU and ends when the client is discharged from the hospital or clinic.

Choice D:

This is incorrect because the perioperative phase is not a specific phase but a general term that encompasses all three phases of perioperative nursing: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The perioperative phase refers to the entire surgical process from preparation to recovery.

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Question 4:

A nurse is working in the operating room and follows the standards and guidelines set by the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN). The nurse explains to a new staff member that these standards and guidelines are based on:

A. "The best available evidence from research and expert opinion.” B. "The preferences and values of individual surgeons and nurses.” C. "The policies and procedures of each health care facility.” D. "The feedback and satisfaction of patients and families.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The standards and guidelines set by the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) are based on "the best available evidence from research and expert opinion” This means that the perioperative nursing practice is informed by the most current and reliable sources of knowledge that support quality and safety in the operating room. The AORN guidelines for perioperative practice are the gold-standard in evidence-based recommendations to deliver safe perioperative patient care and achieve workplace safety.

Choice B:

The standards and guidelines set by the AORN are not based on "the preferences and values of individual surgeons and nurses” because this would not ensure consistency, quality, or safety in the perioperative nursing practice. The preferences and values of individual practitioners may vary widely and may not reflect the best available evidence or the needs of the patients. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice C:

The standards and guidelines set by the AORN are not based on "the policies and procedures of each health care facility” because this would not ensure uniformity, quality, or safety in the perioperative nursing practice. The policies and procedures of each health care facility may differ depending on their resources, regulations, or goals. They may also be outdated or incomplete. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice D:

The standards and guidelines set by the AORN are not based on "the feedback and satisfaction of patients and families” because this would not ensure validity, quality, or safety in the perioperative nursing practice. The feedback and satisfaction of patients and families may be subjective, biased, or inaccurate. They may also not reflect the best available evidence or the professional standards of nursing. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

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Question 5:

A nurse is caring for a client who had a kidney transplant from a brain-dead donor. The nurse understands that this type of surgery is classified by purpose as:

A. Ablative. B. Diagnostic. C. Palliative. D. Reconstructive. E. Transplant. F. Procurement.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Ablative surgery is done to remove a diseased or damaged body part, such as an appendix or a tumor. A kidney transplant does not involve removing the original kidney, but adding a new one from a donor.

Choice B:

Diagnostic surgery is done to establish or aid a diagnosis, such as taking a biopsy of a suspicious lump. A kidney transplant is not done for diagnostic purposes, but to treat a condition of kidney failure.

Choice C:

Palliative surgery is done to relieve symptoms or improve quality of life, but not to cure the underlying disease, such as removing a part of a cancerous organ that causes pain. A kidney transplant is done to cure the condition of kidney failure and restore normal kidney function.

Choice D:

Reconstructive surgery is done to restore the appearance or function of a body part that has been damaged by trauma, disease, or birth defect, such as repairing a cleft lip or a burn. A kidney transplant does not involve reconstructing the original kidney, but replacing it with a new one from a donor.

Choice E:

Transplant surgery is done to replace a failing or diseased organ with a healthy one from a donor, such as a kidney, liver, or heart. A kidney transplant is done when the original kidney can no longer function properly and causes life-threatening complications.

Choice F:

Procurement surgery is done to remove an organ or tissue from a donor for transplantation into another person, such as harvesting a kidney, cornea, or bone marrow. Procurement surgery is not done on the recipient of the transplant, but on the donor. Informed consent Preoperative Nursing intervention

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