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Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve. Early stages are often asymptomatic, and clients may experience peripheral vision loss or tunnel vision, not a cloudy or opaque lens.

Diabetic retinopathy results from damage to retinal blood vessels due to chronic hyperglycemia. Manifestations include floaters, blurred vision, or dark spots in the visual field, but it does not cause a cloudy lens.

Macular degeneration affects the central portion of the retina (macula), leading to loss of central vision, distorted images, or dark spots, but the lens remains clear. Cloudiness is not typical.

Trimming nails in a curved shape is not recommended, as it can increase the risk of ingrown nails or infection, especially in clients with diabetes or poor circulation. Nails should be trimmed straight across with gently rounded edges.

Using acetone-free nail polish remover may reduce drying of nails but is not essential for routine nail care and does not prevent injury or infection. It is a cosmetic preference rather than a safety measure.

Soaking nails in hot water can soften nails and skin, but excessive heat can cause burns or skin irritation, particularly in older adults or clients with neuropathy. Warm—not hot—water is safer if soaking is necessary.

A small probe placed inside the ear is related to tympanometry or otoacoustic emission testing, not the Rinne test. These procedures assess middle ear function or cochlear responses, not the comparative conduction measured by a tuning fork.

Wearing earphones is part of pure-tone audiometry, not the Rinne test. Audiometry measures hearing thresholds for various frequencies, whereas the Rinne test is a quick bedside assessment using bone and air conduction.

Small electrodes placed on the scalp are used for electroencephalography (EEG) or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, not the Rinne test. These procedures measure electrical activity in the brain, not simple conduction hearing.

Client's pale and diaphoretic skin is objective data, as it is observable and measurable by the nurse, not reported by the client. Objective findings are documented in the "O" portion of SOAP.

Blood pressure of 182/98 mm Hg is objective data, obtained through measurement, and belongs in the "O" section of the SOAP note.

Client administered nitroglycerin 0.3 mg SL is an action taken or intervention, which would typically be included in the plan or interventions section, not the subjective portion.

Washing hands for 10 seconds is insufficient. Evidence shows that at least 20 seconds of scrubbing with soap and water is required to remove transient microorganisms effectively. Shorter durations leave residual pathogens and increase the risk of infection transmission.

Turning off the faucet with hands is unsafe because it can recontaminate clean hands. The faucet handle may harbor microorganisms. Correct alternatives include using a paper towel, a foot-operated lever, or the elbow to turn off the tap, maintaining hand cleanliness after rinsing.

Using hot water is not necessary and can be harmful. Extremely hot water can irritate or dry the skin, which may lead to cracks that allow bacteria to enter and increase the risk of dermatitis. Warm or cold water is sufficient to remove pathogens when combined with proper scrubbing.

Increased peripheral vision is not expected with aging. In fact, older adults often experience decreased peripheral vision due to age-related changes in the retina and visual field, which can increase the risk of falls and accidents.

Increase in the size of pupils is incorrect. Aging typically causes smaller, less responsive pupils (senile miosis), reducing the ability to adapt to changes in light and contributing to difficulties with night vision.

Increased sensitivity to touch is not expected. Older adults often experience decreased tactile sensation due to degeneration of nerve endings and changes in skin elasticity, which can reduce the ability to feel pressure, temperature, or vibration.

Documenting the completion of an occurrence report in the medical record is incorrect. Occurrence reports are internal risk management documents and should not be placed in the client’s chart to avoid legal implications. The medical record should include factual documentation of what occurred and the nurse’s assessments and interventions, but not mention that an occurrence report was filed.

Contacting risk management about the occurrence is not the nurse’s immediate responsibility. Risk management may review the report later, but the first clinical step is provider notification to ensure client safety.

Requesting another nurse to complete the occurrence report is inappropriate. The nurse who witnessed or discovered the fall is responsible for accurately completing the report, as it requires factual and timely information.

Limiting alcohol intake to 3 drinks per day is not recommended for stress reduction or general health. Excessive alcohol can increase stress, impair sleep, and contribute to chronic health problems. Healthy guidelines suggest moderation: up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men if alcohol is consumed at all.

Consuming less than 3000 mg of sodium per day is partially correct, but current recommendations for adults suggest limiting sodium to less than 2300 mg per day. While sodium reduction is important for blood pressure and cardiovascular health, it is not the most direct dietary strategy for stress reduction.

Increasing intake of saturated fats is incorrect. High saturated fat intake can negatively affect cardiovascular health and may contribute to inflammation, which can exacerbate stress-related physical health issues. Healthy fats (e.g., unsaturated fats from nuts, seeds, olive oil, and fish) are preferred.