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Wearing gloves while gardening is a recommended practice after a mastectomy, especially on the side where lymph nodes have been removed. This is to protect the skin and reduce the risk of infection, which could trigger lymphedema.

It is indeed recommended that blood pressures be taken in the unaffected arm after a mastectomy. This is because the pressure from the cuff can obstruct lymph flow and potentially trigger lymphedema in the arm where lymph nodes have been removed. Choice C rationale
Wearing clothing with elastic sleeves is not recommended after a mastectomy. Elastic bands can restrict lymph flow and increase the risk of lymphedema.

Similar to blood pressure measurements, it is recommended that blood specimens be drawn from the unaffected arm after a mastectomy. This is to avoid injury to the lymphatic system in the arm where lymph nodes have been removed, which could trigger lymphedema.

While oral contraceptives can indirectly lead to ovulation in some women with PCOS by regulating their menstrual cycles, they are not typically used to directly induce ovulation. Other medications, such as clomiphene or letrozole, are more commonly used for this purpose.

While insulin resistance is a common feature of PCOS, oral contraceptives are not typically used to improve insulin uptake. Other medications, such as metformin, are more commonly used for this purpose.

While oral contraceptives can help alleviate hirsutism (excessive hair growth) in women with PCOS by reducing levels of circulating androgens, this is typically considered a secondary benefit rather than the primary rationale for their use.

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection that can cause a thin, white or gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell. However, the discharge is typically not described as frothy or yellow-green.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause a variety of symptoms, but a frothy, yellow-green discharge is not typically one of them. Symptoms of chlamydia in women can include abnormal vaginal discharge, but it is often described as mucopurulent (resembling mucus or pus) rather than frothy.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause a variety of symptoms, but a frothy, yellow-green discharge is not typically one of them. Women with gonorrhea may experience increased vaginal discharge, but it is often described as thin and watery or thick and purulent, not frothy.

Atelectasis, or collapse of part or all of a lung, is a potential complication of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates. However, it would not typically cause symptoms such as increased feeding without weight gain, abdominal distention, and vomiting.

Congenital cardiac disease could potentially cause symptoms such as increased feeding without weight gain, but it would not typically cause abdominal distention and vomiting. Furthermore, congenital cardiac disease would likely have been detected prior to the onset of respiratory distress syndrome.

An allergy to infant formula could potentially cause symptoms such as increased feeding without weight gain, abdominal distention, and vomiting. However, this would not typically be associated with respiratory distress syndrome. .

A negative pregnancy test is not the priority in this case. While it’s important to rule out pregnancy as a cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), it’s not the most critical finding.

A hemoglobin level of 10.1 g/dl is slightly low but within acceptable limits for many individuals. While it could indicate some degree of anemia possibly due to chronic blood loss, it’s not as immediately concerning as a coagulation disorder.

A serum cholesterol level of 140 mg/dl is within the normal range and is not directly related to AUB1.

A purpuric rash is not a typical outcome of phototherapy. It could be a sign of a different medical condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Clear, transparent urine is not specifically associated with phototherapy. Urine color can be influenced by many factors, including hydration status and certain medical conditions.

Choice D rationale
Lethargy is not a typical outcome of phototherapy. If a baby appears lethargic, it could be a sign of a serious condition that needs immediate medical attention.

Hot flashes are typically associated with menopause, not endometriosis. They occur due to changes in hormone levels, particularly a decrease in estrogen.

Fluid retention is not specifically associated with endometriosis. It can occur due to a variety of conditions, including hormonal changes, dietary factors, and certain medications.

Fever is not a typical symptom of endometriosis. It’s more commonly associated with infections or inflammatory conditions.

Hypothermia, decreased muscle tone, and a weak sucking reflex are not typically exhibited by newborns whose mothers are substance abusers. These symptoms could be indicative of other medical conditions.

Excessive sleep, a weak cry, and a diminished grasp reflex are not the most common behaviors exhibited by newborns of substance-abusing mothers.

Circumoral cyanosis, a hyperactive Babinski reflex, and constipation are not typically seen in newborns of substance-abusing mothers. These symptoms could be indicative of other medical conditions.

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is not typically associated with poor feeding and low temperature in infants. It’s more commonly seen in conditions like diabetes.

Hemolytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made, is not typically associated with poor feeding and low temperature in infants.

Prematurity could potentially cause poor feeding and low temperature, but these symptoms would not typically appear suddenly in a well-baby nursery setting.

Hypothermia is not a typical response to phototherapy in an isolette. The heat from the phototherapy lights would typically prevent hypothermia.

Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not a typical response to phototherapy in an isolette. If bradycardia occurs, it could be a sign of a serious condition that needs immediate medical attention.

Decreased muscle tone is not a typical response to phototherapy in an isolette. If decreased muscle tone is observed, it could be a sign of a serious condition that needs immediate medical attention.

Theca-lutein cysts are not commonly found in females of reproductive age. They are often associated with conditions that cause high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, such as molar pregnancies.

Corpus luteum cysts can occur in women of reproductive age, but they do not typically regress with the menstrual cycle. Instead, they usually resolve after a few weeks if pregnancy does not occur.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a condition characterized by multiple small cysts in the ovaries, but it does not typically cause cysts that regress with the menstrual cycle.

Sporadic vaginal bleeding accompanied by chronic pelvic pain is not typically associated with a woman who has had multiple pregnancies and is admitted for repair of cystocele and rectocele.

Heavy leukorrhea with vulvar pruritus is not typically associated with a woman who has had multiple pregnancies and is admitted for repair of cystocele and rectocele.

Menstrual irregularities and hirsutism on the chin are not typically associated with a woman who has had multiple pregnancies and is admitted for repair of cystocele and rectocele.

Insufficient dietary intake is not the main cause of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women.

An active lifestyle is not the main cause of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women.

Changes in vaginal pH are not the main cause of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women.

A history of smoking can potentially impact fertility. Smoking can harm the ovaries and the eggs they produce, potentially leading to fertility issues.

Diabetes since the age of 15 could potentially impact fertility. Diabetes can cause irregular menstrual cycles and other reproductive issues, which could lead to difficulty conceiving.

Weight below the standard for height and age could potentially impact fertility. Being underweight can lead to irregular menstrual cycles and ovulation, which could lead to difficulty conceiving.

Zygotes are not positioned in the fallopian tubes in the GIFT procedure. This is a characteristic of the Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) procedure, not GIFT.

Donor sperm are not placed in a medium with donor eggs in the GIFT procedure. In GIFT, the woman’s eggs and the man’s sperm are mixed together and then injected into the woman’s fallopian tubes.

A surrogate does not carry the infertile woman’s fetus in the GIFT procedure. In GIFT, the fertilized egg implants and develops in the woman’s own uterus.

Drinking one to two alcoholic drinks a few times a week does not typically signal that a woman should not take oral contraceptives.

Being slightly overweight and having a difficult time fitting exercise into a schedule does not typically signal that a woman should not take oral contraceptives16.

Trying to have a boyfriend wear a condom every time they have sex does not typically signal that a woman should not take oral contraceptives16.

Giving an infant with a positive PKU test a high protein diet is not recommended. This is because phenylalanine, which cannot be broken down by individuals with PKU, is found in high-protein foods.

Early introduction of cow’s milk is not necessary before 1 year of age for infants with a positive PKU test. In fact, cow’s milk is high in phenylalanine and should be avoided.

Following up with a pediatric cardiologist is not specifically related to the dietary management of PKU. While regular medical supervision is important for children with PKU, it does not necessarily have to be with a cardiologist.

A Pap smear is not helpful in identifying ovarian cancer. It is used to detect cervical cancer, not ovarian cancer.

While the CA-125 blood test can indicate the presence of ovarian cancer if the levels are elevated, it is not a reliable screening test. This is because high levels of CA-125 can also be caused by common conditions such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Genetic testing for two genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) can identify an increased risk for developing ovarian cancer, but it does not diagnose the disease itself.

Pergonal (Menotropins) does not extend the luteal phase. The luteal phase is a part of the menstrual cycle, and Pergonal does not have a direct effect on this phase.

Pergonal (Menotropins) does not inhibit menstruation. It is used to stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs, not to stop the menstrual cycle.

Pergonal (Menotropins) does not enhance cervical mucus production. Its primary function is to stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs.

Lying down with arms at the side is not the recommended position for a breast self-exam. The recommended positions are either standing or lying down with the arm raised.

It is not correct to avoid checking under the arm if the breast feels fine. The breast tissue extends into the underarm area, so it is important to check this area as well during a breast self-exam.

Working from left to right down the breast towards the ribs is not a standard instruction for a breast self-exam. The recommended method is to use a circular, up-and-down, or wedge pattern.

A vaginal pH of 3 is not a symptom of bacterial vaginosis. In fact, a higher vaginal pH (greater than 4.5) is more commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis.

Yellowish-green discharge is not typically associated with bacterial vaginosis. The discharge associated with bacterial vaginosis is usually thin and gray or white.

Cervical bleeding upon contact is not a common symptom of bacterial vaginosis. The most common symptoms are a fish-like odor and a thin, gray or white discharge.

Kernicterus is a rare type of brain damage that occurs in a newborn with severe jaundice. It happens when a substance in the blood, bilirubin, builds up to very high levels and spreads into the brain tissues. This condition can cause athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. Kernicterus also causes problems with vision and teeth and sometimes can cause intellectual disabilities. However, the symptoms provided do not align with this condition.

A severe cardiac anomaly could cause heart failure and respiratory distress, but it would not explain the positive Coomb’s test, high bilirubin levels, severe anemia, jaundice, and generalized edema.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common problem in premature babies. It causes babies to need extra oxygen and help with breathing. RDS occurs most often in babies born before the 28th week of pregnancy and can be a problem for babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. It’s caused by a lack of a slippery substance called surfactant, which helps the lungs inflate with air and keeps them from collapsing. However, the symptoms provided do not align with this condition.