Share This Link

It is the process by which a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane against a concentration gradient:This describes active transport, not diffusion. Active transport requires ATP to move substances against their gradient.

It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one:This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water.

It is the process by which certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins:This describes facilitated diffusion, which still moves substances down their gradient but requires a protein carrier.

Exotonic: "Exotonic" is not a recognized term in fluid balance or physiology.

Hypotonic: A hypotonic solution (like 0.45% NaCl) has a lower solute concentration than blood, causing water to move into cells, possibly leading to swelling.

Hypertonic: A hypertonic solution (like 3% NaCl) has a higher solute concentration than blood, causing water to leave cells and leading to cell shrinkage.

The kidney senses decreased perfusion:This occurs earlier in the RAAS sequence, triggering the release of renin — not the immediate next step after angiotensin I is produced.

Renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen:This precedes the production of angiotensin I, not after.

Blood volume is raised and blood pressure is increased:This is the final result of RAAS activation, not the step immediately following angiotensin I production.

Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs:These are signs of hypocalcemia, commonly seen in respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis.

Crackles and rhonchi upon auscultation:These are lung sounds that might be present in respiratory conditions (like pneumonia or CHF) but are not specific symptoms of acid-base disturbances like respiratory acidosis.

Hyperactivity and reduced serum ionized calcium levels:These findings are consistent with respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis.

Malaria:Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes that causes fever, chills, and anemia, not muscle paralysis.

Lyme disease:Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi from tick bites, leads to joint pain, neurologic symptoms, and erythema migrans, but not acute paralysis.

West Nile virus:West Nile virus can cause encephalitis and muscle weakness, but the paralysis onset is usually slower, not typically within 6 hours.

A type of cell that makes hormones and enzymes:This describes endocrine cells, not B cells. Hormones and enzymes are produced by specialized glandular tissues.

Cells that eat pathogens and destroy them:This describes phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils, not B cells.

Cells that release histamine during the inflammatory response:This describes mast cells and basophils, which release histamine to promote inflammation, not B cells.to promote inflammation, not B cells.

The process in which endothelial cells are separated away from each other, making the capillaries larger:This describes vascular permeability, a component of inflammation, not a definition of innate immunity.

The process by which the body automatically reacts to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria:This describes the inflammatory response, which is a mechanism of innate immunity, but not the full definition of innate immunity itself.

The set of proteins that enhance the ability of the body to initiate the inflammatory response, attack a pathogen, and remove damaged cell material:
This describes the complement system, which is part of innate immunity, but again, it is not the complete definition of innate immunity.

They bind to infected cells and are activated by cytokines:This describes cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells), which kill infected cells, not helper T cells.

They destroy infected cells by producing proteins targeting cell membranes:Again, this is the role of cytotoxic T cells, not helper T cells.

They are non-responsive during active infections:Helper T cells are highly active during infections, directing other immune cells. They are not non-responsive.

The portion of the transcript that encodes for protein:This describes an exon, not an intron.

A person with a recessive allele that the dominant allele silences:This describes a carrier in genetics, not an intron.

One of a pair of genes that is inherited from a parent:
This describes an allele, not an intron.

Hypertension is always linked to the Y chromosome and environmental factors:Hypertension is a multifactorial disease, influenced by genetics and environment, but it is not linked specifically to the Y chromosome.

Type 2 DM (T2DM) is caused by family history, behavior, and other factors:While this is true, Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease, not a chromosomal alteration.

Y chromosome as hemophilia is associated with the X chromosome:Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder, not Y-linked. It is passed through the X chromosome, typically affecting males.