Review Practice Exercise 1

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Practice Exercise 1

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Total Questions : 3

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Question 1:

The classic triad of manifestations associated with Parkinson’s disease is tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. What is a consequence related to rigidity?

A. Shuffling gait B. Impaired handwriting C. Lack of postural stability D. Muscle soreness and pain

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Shuffling gait: This is a result of bradykinesia, which causes slowness of movement and difficulty initiating steps. It is not directly caused by rigidity.

Choice B:

Impaired handwriting: This is known as micrographia and is linked to bradykinesia affecting fine motor control. Rigidity is not the primary cause of this symptom.

Choice C:

Lack of postural stability: Postural instability arises from impaired balance and reflexes. It is not a consequence of rigidity but of other motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease.

Choice D:

Muscle soreness and pain: Muscle rigidity causes sustained contraction of muscles, leading to discomfort and pain. This is a direct effect of the increased muscle tone that characterizes rigidity in Parkinson’s disease.

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Question 2:

Which of the following clinical manifestations is most characteristic of early-stage Parkinson’s disease?

A. Severe muscle atrophy B. Resting tremor of one hand C. Complete loss of facial expression D. Bilateral rigidity of all extremities

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Severe muscle atrophy: Muscle atrophy is not an early feature of Parkinson’s disease. It may occur later due to inactivity but is not a primary manifestation of the disease.

Choice B:

Resting tremor of one hand: A unilateral resting tremor is one of the earliest and most recognizable signs of Parkinson’s disease. It typically starts on one side and progresses gradually to involve other areas.

Choice C:

Complete loss of facial expression: Reduced facial expression, known as hypomimia, can occur in later stages. However, a complete loss is not typical in the early phase.

Choice D:

Bilateral rigidity of all extremities: Rigidity generally begins unilaterally, like tremor, and progresses over time. Bilateral involvement of all extremities is more common in advanced stages.

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Question 3:

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected Parkinson’s disease. Which of the following signs would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply

A. Pill-rolling tremor B. Hyperreflexia C. Cogwheel rigidity D. Shuffling gait E. Intention tremor

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Pill-rolling tremor: This resting tremor, typically seen in the hands, is one of the earliest and most recognizable symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It appears as rhythmic movement of the thumb and fingers, as if rolling a pill.

Choice B:

Hyperreflexia: Hyperreflexia is more characteristic of upper motor neuron lesions, not Parkinson’s disease. Clients with Parkinson’s typically have normal or reduced reflexes.

Choice C:

Cogwheel rigidity: This type of rigidity presents as a ratchety resistance during passive movement of limbs. It reflects both muscle stiffness and tremor, hallmark features of Parkinson’s disease.

Choice D:

Shuffling gait: Parkinson’s disease often causes a distinctive walk with short, hesitant steps and reduced arm swing. This gait disturbance is associated with bradykinesia and postural instability.

Choice E:

Intention tremor: Intention tremors occur during purposeful movement and are associated with cerebellar disorders. Parkinson’s tremors occur at rest and usually diminish with voluntary activity.

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Practice Exercise 1

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