Review Practice Exercise 2

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Practice Exercise 2

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Total Questions : 3

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Question 1:

Which of the following findings is most commonly used to support the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease?

A. Presence of tremor at rest, cogwheel rigidity, and bradykinesia B. Abnormal findings on brain MRI C. Elevated serum dopamine levels D. Positive family history and recent infection

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Presence of tremor at rest, cogwheel rigidity, and bradykinesia: These hallmark motor symptoms are essential for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease. The diagnosis is primarily based on clinical observation of these features over time.

Choice B:

Abnormal findings on brain MRI: Brain imaging is usually normal in Parkinson’s disease. MRI is primarily used to exclude other neurological conditions, not to confirm this diagnosis.

Choice C:

Elevated serum dopamine levels: There is no reliable blood test for dopamine levels that supports diagnosis. In fact, dopamine levels are decreased in the brain, not elevated in the serum.

Choice D:

Positive family history and recent infection: While genetic factors may increase risk, a positive family history and infection are not diagnostic criteria. Parkinson’s disease is rarely triggered directly by infection.

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Question 2:

A newly diagnosed patient with Parkinson’s disease is started on carbidopa-levodopa. What should the nurse include in the teaching about this medication?

A. "Take the medication on a full stomach to increase absorption." B. "You may notice improvement immediately after the first dose." C. "Change positions slowly to reduce the risk of dizziness." D. "Stop the drug if involuntary movements improve suddenly."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

"Take the medication on a full stomach to increase absorption.": Taking carbidopa-levodopa with high-protein meals can impair absorption. It is usually recommended to take it on an empty stomach or with a small snack if nausea occurs.

Choice B:

"You may notice improvement immediately after the first dose.": Therapeutic effects may take days or weeks to become noticeable. Immediate improvement after the first dose is unlikely.

Choice C:

"Change positions slowly to reduce the risk of dizziness.": Carbidopa-levodopa commonly causes orthostatic hypotension, especially when starting treatment. Teaching clients to rise slowly helps reduce fall risk and improves safety.

Choice D:

"Stop the drug if involuntary movements improve suddenly.": The medication should never be stopped abruptly without consulting a provider. Sudden withdrawal can lead to severe side effects, including neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome.

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Question 3:

Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention to help manage bradykinesia in a client with Parkinson’s disease?

A. Use an alternating air pressure mattress B. Encourage rocking side to side before standing C. Offer frequent snacks between meals D. Apply heat packs to the legs before walking

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Use an alternating air pressure mattress: This intervention is for pressure ulcer prevention and has no effect on bradykinesia. It does not support movement initiation or motor control.

Choice B:

Encourage rocking side to side before standing: Rhythmic movements help overcome freezing episodes and assist in initiating motion. This technique improves momentum and supports safer transfers.

Choice C:

Offer frequent snacks between meals: While important for maintaining nutrition, this does not address the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s. It is not an intervention for bradykinesia.

Choice D:

Apply heat packs to the legs before walking: Heat may provide muscle relaxation but does not directly improve bradykinesia or facilitate movement. It is not a primary intervention for mobility challenges in Parkinson’s disease.

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Practice Exercise 2

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