Review Practice Exercise 3

Parenteral Administration: Safe Preparation of Parenteral Medications > Pharmacology

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Practice Exercise 3

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

What feature of smart infusion pumps enhances medication safety?

A. Touchscreen navigation B. Audio alerts C. Drug libraries with dosing limits D. Wireless battery backup

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Touchscreen navigation:While it improves usability, it does not directly enhance medication safety.

Choice B:

Audio alerts:These can notify the nurse of issues, but without a drug library, the alerts are not tailored to medication-specific errors.

Choice C:

Drug libraries with dosing limits:These are evidence-based databases built into the pump that help automatically verify dosing parameters, reducing the risk of infusion-related errors and enhancing patient safety.

Choice D:

Wireless battery backup:This supports continued operation, but it doesn’t help detect or prevent dosing mistakes.

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Question 2:

A nurse is assessing a client’s IV site. Which of the following findings is indicative of phlebitis? Select all that apply

A. Tingling sensation below insertion site B. Tachycardia C. Palpable, hard mass above insertion site D. Cool, pale skin E. Pain at site

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Tingling sensation below insertion site This is more commonly associated with nerve irritation or injury rather than phlebitis. It may indicate the IV is near a nerve or causing pressure on it but is not a hallmark sign of phlebitis.

Choice B:

Tachycardia Tachycardia is a systemic response and not a localized sign of phlebitis. It may occur with serious infections like septicemia, but phlebitis usually presents with localized symptoms first.

Choice C:

Palpable, hard mass above insertion site This finding suggests a cord-like vein, which is characteristic of thrombophlebitis. Inflammation and potential clot formation can lead to a hardened vein that is tender to touch.

Choice D:

Cool, pale skin Coolness and pallor indicate infiltration, not phlebitis. Infiltration occurs when IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissue, causing decreased perfusion and temperature in the area.

Choice E:

Pain at site Pain is a common early sign of phlebitis due to inflammation of the vein's inner lining. Clients may report tenderness or burning at the insertion site.

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Question 3:

A nurse manager is reviewing facility policies for IV therapy management with the members of his team. The nurse manager should inform the team members that which of the following techniques will minimize the risk of catheter embolism?

A. Perform hand hygiene before and after IV insertion. B. Rotate the IV sites at least every 72 hr. C. Minimize tourniquet time. D. Avoid reinserting the needle into an IV catheter.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Perform hand hygiene before and after IV insertionHand hygiene is essential for preventing infection, such as local site infections or sepsis, but it does not directly prevent catheter embolism, which involves a broken catheter fragment entering the circulation.

Choice B:

Rotate the IV sites at least every 72 hrRegular rotation of IV sites helps prevent complications like phlebitis and infiltration. However, it does not directly reduce the risk of catheter fragmentation or embolism.

Choice C:

Minimize tourniquet timeReducing tourniquet time helps prevent vein overdistention or injury but does not significantly influence the risk of catheter breakage or embolism.

Choice D:

Avoid reinserting the needle into an IV catheterReinserting a needle into a flexible IV catheter can shear or cut the catheter material, increasing the risk of a catheter embolism. This technique should be avoided to prevent the catheter from fragmenting and entering the bloodstream.

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Question 4:

A nurse is preparing to initiate IV therapy for an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A. Use a disposable razor to remove excess hair on the extremity. B. Select the back of the client’s hand to insert the IV catheter. C. Distend the veins by using a blood pressure cuff. D. Direct the client to raise his arm above his heart.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Use a disposable razor to remove excess hair on the extremityShaving with a razor can cause microabrasions and increase the risk of infection. If hair removal is necessary, it is safer to clip the hair rather than shave it.

Choice B:

Select the back of the client’s hand to insert the IV catheterOlder adults have fragile veins, particularly on the back of the hand. Using this site increases the risk of infiltration or vein rupture. Veins in the forearm are usually better choices due to more stability and tissue support.

Choice C:

Distend the veins by using a blood pressure cuffA blood pressure cuff inflated just below diastolic pressure offers controlled, even pressure and is often more comfortable and effective than a tourniquet, especially in older clients with fragile veins. This promotes vein visibility and access without over-distention.

Choice D:

Direct the client to raise his arm above his heart
Raising the arm above the heart level decreases venous return, causing veins to collapse. This technique is not recommended when attempting venous access, as it makes cannulation more difficult.

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Question 5:

A nurse is caring for a client receiving dextrose 5% in water IV at 250 mL/hr. Which of the following findings are an indication of fluid overload? (Select all that apply.)

A. Hypotension B. Bradycardia C. Shortness of breath D. Crackles heard in lungs E. Distended neck veins

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Choice B:

Choice C:

Choice D:

Choice E:

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Practice Exercise 3

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